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51.
Psychological characteristics of elderly insomniacs 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pallesen S Nordhus IH Kvale G Havik OE Nielsen GH Johnsen BH Skjøtskift S Hjeltnes L 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2002,43(5):425-432
Sixty insomniacs, aged 60 years or over, fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia, completed a set of questionnaires measuring psychological distress. These included the Sleep Impairment Index (SIM), the Symptom Check List 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and the Elders Life Stress Inventory (ELSI). The insomniacs were compared on these measures with two contrast groups, one of elderly good sleepers and one an elderly community sample. As norms were developed for the SCL-90-R and PSWQ, insomniacs were also contrasted with the norm groups on these measures. In general, the results indicated a higher level of psychological distress among insomniacs than among the good sleepers, while there were negligible differences between insomniacs and the community sample on most measures. Overall, elderly insomniacs scored higher on measures of worry compared with the other groups, followed by measures of somatization, obsessive-compulsion and depression. It is concluded that excessive worrying was the most characteristic feature of elderly insomniacs. 相似文献
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Dipl.-Psych. Hans-Joachim Traub Gerd Weithmann 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2014,8(3):199-207
Background
In order to understand the increasing numbers of detentions of forensic inpatients according to § 63 StGB (German Penal Code), the development of the sentences for forensic treatment is of great importance. The overall development over a longer time period, such as a breakdown by individual federal states may reflect changes in diagnostic and legal actions.Method
According to the information supplied by the research data center of Germany (Forschungsdatenzentrum der Länder), the total number of detentions for forensic treatment from 1995 to 2009 for an average population number of 68.6 million inhabitants and the development of different characteristics (e.g. sociodemographic, crime-related) were identified during the investigation period. A total of12,063 records each with 9 attributes were evaluated.Results
The number of detentions for forensic treatment increased by approximately half (47?%) during the study period. The patients who were not criminally responsible and the proportion of moderately severe offences (e.g. assault, arson and other violent crimes) increased over the investigation period. In contrast, the proportion of completed homicides and sexual crimes decreased as well as the number of previous and concurrent convictions. These developments showed similar tendencies in the individual federal states. 相似文献56.
Katrin Schuy Loni Brants Simone Dors Marie Horzetzky Gerd Willmund Peter Zimmermann 《Military psychology》2013,25(4):279-291
Individuals decide to use healthcare when the expected benefits outweigh the perceived costs. One of these cost factors in this decision can be stigma. So far, it has not been researched how former soldiers of the German Armed Forces with a service-induced mental illness perceive stigma and how it influences their healthcare use. As stigma is shaped by the socio-cultural context, the setting of the potential healthcare use must be considered. Narrative interviews were conducted with 33 former soldiers with mental health problems. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, in which codes were formed and emerging themes were systemized. The relationship between stigma and healthcare use was analyzed. Occupational discrimination and social exclusion were experienced in both in the military and civilian context, but stigma functioned differently in each context. In the military context, former soldiers’ self-stigma of mentally ill individuals being weak was in stark contrast to their internalized military standards. This contrast let them avoid disclosure and subsequent healthcare use. In civilian context, the participants perceived 2 different stigma costs: mental illness stigma and former soldier stigma (i.e., stigmatization because of their military past). Both were perceived as barriers to healthcare use. A model, illustrating these different stigma costs in the different contexts, was developed. Further research on the link between stigma and healthcare use of this group is urgently needed. 相似文献
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Gerd Stricker 《宗教、国家与社会》2013,41(2):101-113
Likhie gody by Anatoli Krasnov‐Levitin, YMCA Press, 1977, 456 pp. No price. Atheism and Religion in the Contemporary Struggle of Ideas (Ateizm i religiya v sovremennoi borbe idei) Kiev, 1975, 491 pp. No price. Russia's Tolitical Hospitals: The Abuse of Tsychiatry in the Soviet Union by Sidney Bloch and Peter Reddaway, Gollancz, 1977, 510 pp., £6.99. 相似文献
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Gerd Michelsen 《Science and engineering ethics》2013,19(4):1505-1511
The Leuphana Semester at Leuphana University Lüneburg, together with the module “Science bears responsibility” demonstrate how innovative methods of teaching and learning can be combined with the topic of sustainable development and how new forms of university teaching can be introduced. With regard to module content, it has become apparent that, due to the complexity of the field of sustainability, a single discipline alone is unable to provide analyses and solutions. If teaching in higher education is to adequately deal with this complexity, then it is necessary to develop inter- and transdisciplinary approaches that go beyond a purely specialist orientation. 相似文献
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Peter Krummenacher Elvan Kut Gerd Folkers Peter Brugger 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2013,13(3):567-574
Endogenous opioids have been implicated in mediating (placebo) analgesia, in reward processes, and in the regulation of socially relevant emotions. To explore their potential contributions to higher cognitive functions, we used a novel task with tachistoscopically presented (for 150 ms) pairs of meaningless figures. Healthy right-handed men judged the similarities and dissimilarities between the two figures on a visual analogue scale (VAS) in two separate runs. In a double-blind, between-subjects design, subjects were administered intravenously either 0.2-mg/kg naloxone or placebo 10 min prior to the task, and VAS judgments and response latencies were measured. We found a significant interaction between substance group and type of judgment: The magnitude of the similarity judgments was lower in the naloxone than in the placebo group, while dissimilarity judgments remained uninfluenced by the treatment. Reaction latencies and mood scores, assessed before and after substance administration, did not differ between the two groups, indicating that the findings did not rely on altered motor performance or motivation. We suggest that naloxone decreased the “similarity criterion” in comparative judgments, indicating its potentially modulatory effect on visual cognition. The task introduced here could be used for the implicit study and quantification of subtle affective–cognitive processes beyond the level of mere questionnaire data. 相似文献
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Waldhauser GT Johansson M Bäckström M Mecklinger A 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2011,52(1):21-27
We aimed at replicating the finding that humans are able to suppress unwanted memories, and tested whether this ability varies with individual differences in working memory capacity, trait anxiety and defensiveness. In a think/no-think experiment, participants either recalled or suppressed previously learned words for 0, 8 or 16 times. Suppression did not have an overall detrimental effect on later recall performance. However, higher recall rates after repeated suppression were exclusively predicted by higher trait anxiety. These results are discussed in relation to current theories on anxiety and executive control. 相似文献