Newly observed microscopic planar defects on {111} in natural diamond

Abstract

Circular disc-crack-like defects randomly distributed on {111} planes have been discovered by 300kV transmission electron microscopy in diamond that had crystallized on non-faceted growth surfaces of mean orientation {100}. In a sample of ～ 100 defects, disc diameters were narrowly distributed about a mean of 1·2 μm and one in seven discs were located on a coplanar stacking fault of average diameter 2 μm. Discs totally enclosed within the specimen exhibit concentric moiré fringes covering their image areas when viewed obliquely, showing them to be dilated into thin lenticles. Internal pressures, deduced from moiré-fringe counts on six lenticles, were in the range 1·5 to 1·8 GPa.     

Norms for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in a Large Dutch Community Sample

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is a widely used instrument that provides information about the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Although the BDI-II is a psychometrically sound instrument, relatively little is known about norm scores. This study aimed to develop reliable norms for the BDI-II in a Dutch community sample. Gender, age, and education were hypothesized to predict BDI-II scores. A total of 7,500 respondents from a community sample in The Netherlands completed the BDI-II. It was investigated by means of multiple regression analysis whether distinct norms for genders, education levels, and age group are appropriate. BDI-II scores depended on gender and education level, but not on age. BDI-II norms were computed based on the final regression model. These BDI-II norms can be used for diagnostic purposes, clinical decision making, or the evaluation of treatment effects.     

The Structure of Retrospective Accounts of Family Environments: Related to the Structure of Personality Attributes

Kornrich, Milton (Ed.), Psychological Test Modifications, Springfield: C. C. Thomas, 1965. P. 265. $8.75. Reviewed by Melvin A. Gravitz, Ph.D.     

Determinants of Citation in Epidemiological Studies on Phthalates: A Citation Analysis

Science and Engineering Ethics - Citing of previous publications is an important factor in knowledge development. Because of the great amount of publications available, only a selection of studies...     

The Effect of Knowledge Accumulation on Support for Workplace Accommodation

We investigated the relationship between knowledge about the demonstrated benefits of breastfeeding and individual support for breastfeeding accommodation in the workplace. We tested our hypotheses by asking participants to respond to vignettes that described the factors a Director of Human Resources had to consider in responding to the needs of a breastfeeding employee. We found that participants had a low level of knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding for child, mother, and organization. Participants with children reported stronger support for accommodation, and the level of knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding mediated this effect. The results showed that participants in executive level positions, and who had no children, were the least supportive of accommodation. There were no occupational differences in responses to the support measure.