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101.
Ayoub Bouguettaya Richard Moulding Ross M. King Georgia Harrold 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2019,60(4):369-376
Socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) is often considered as a key risk factor for disordered eating (DE). However, current conceptualizations of SPP largely assume that this perfectionism pressure is non‐specific (i.e., a global pressure), despite research indicating that for females experiencing DE, female‐dominated groups impose this pressure (as a perceived norm). Furthermore, this relationship may be mediated by a negative reaction to this pressure, in the form of impulsivity (or negative urgency). To date, no research has investigated whether the relationship between SPP and DE is mediated by negative urgency, nor has there been research clarifying how in‐group identification relates to DE, independent of SPP and negative urgency. To address these gaps, we assessed these variables in 147 female dieters (Mage = 25.12 years, SD = 3.08) using a cross‐sectional design. Consistent with our hypotheses, negative urgency fully mediated the link between female‐based SPP and disordered eating, while female‐based in‐group affect (identification) was predictive of disordered eating (although the latter relationship was not sustained in a multiple regression model). These findings suggest that the SPP from other women may relate to DE through increasing negative urgency, and that the link between in‐group (female) affect and DE may be better explained by SPP's link to DE. 相似文献
102.
This study examined the association between parenting locus of control, discipline practices, and bullying and victimization
experiences of elementary school children. A total of 186 children and 160 parents responded to structured questionnaires,
assessing parenting locus of control and discipline practices among the parents, and bullying and victimization experiences
among the children. Results indicated that parental discipline practices were correlated with specific dimensions of parenting
locus of control. Although parental characteristics did not seem to predict children’s behavior, the reverse was partially
supported, in that involvement in bullying explained a small amount of variance in parenting practices. More importantly,
parenting locus of control dimensions were significantly predictive of discipline practices, such that the more external the
locus of control, the less effective the discipline practices (i.e. punishment and inconsistency) used by parents. It appears
that parenting locus of control needs to be taken into consideration when attempting to understand parenting behavior. 相似文献
103.
Identifying the Developmental Strengths of Juvenile Offenders: Assessing Four Life‐Skills Dimensions
Tara E. Kadish Brian A. Glaser Georgia B. Calhoun Earl J. Ginter 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2001,21(2):85-95
The authors describe the development of the Life‐Skills Development Scale Juvenile Form, a brief self‐report instrument for assessing the life‐skills development of juvenile offenders. Reliability and validity findings are presented, implications for treatment planning are provided, and recommendations for further research are discussed. 相似文献
104.
Despite evidence that exists about the severity of impact of child sexual abuse (CSA), less has been published about treatment options. Much CSA is enshrouded in secrecy in the context of dysfunctional family dynamics, therefore group work is often recommended as a method of treatment. Although long- and short-term groups are seen as being equally effective, there are few published studies of long-term analytic groups for survivors of CSA. This study was designed to analyse the process of one long-term group. A case is made for using Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT), a method designed to analyse individual therapy, with reference to group theory. Shifts in self-perception and in relation to others are analysed from the beginning to the end of therapy. 相似文献
105.
Tahereh Ziaian Helena de Anstiss Georgia Antoniou Peter Baghurst Michael Sawyer 《Australian psychologist》2013,48(2):139-148
While there is a growing body of literature on the mental health status of adult refugees, children have been relatively neglected in research, particularly in Australia. This study investigated the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems and patterns of service utilisation among 530 refugee children and adolescents aged 4–17 years living in South Australia. Parents and teachers of children aged 4–17 years and adolescents aged 13–17 years completed the appropriate versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Of the 11.0% of children and adolescents found to have borderline or abnormal emotional and behavioural problems, only 13.0% accessed professional help. The study has practical implications for policy and practice. 相似文献
106.
Neil B. Albert Yasmin Peiris Georgia Cohen R. Chris Miall Peter Praamstra 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(2):145-149
Previous research has demonstrated that Parkinson's disease patients have an increased susceptibility to response conflict. In the present study, the authors investigate whether Parkinson's patients have a similar sensitivity to interference from observed movements. In all, 10 patients and 10 controls performed horizontal and vertical arm movements while watching a video of either a person performing similar movements or a moving dot. Movements were performed in the same plane (congruent) and orthogonal to the observed movement (incongruent). The off-axis variance of movements was our index of interference. Although patients tended to exhibit more off-axis variability than did controls, both groups demonstrated similar congruence effects, with greater variance in incongruent conditions. These results indicated that increased susceptibility to interference in Parkinson's disease does not extend to interference from observed movements. 相似文献
107.
Alexandra Godwin Georgia MacNevin Lisa Zadro Rose Iannuzzelli Stephanie Weston Karen Gonsalkorale Patricia Devine 《Behavior research methods》2014,46(3):660-667
In the present study, we aimed to compare the primary-need depletion elicited by three common ostracism paradigms: autobiographical recall (e.g., Zhong & Leonardelli in Psychological Science 19:838–842, 2008), Cyberball (Williams, Cheung, & Choi in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79:748–762, 2000), and O-Cam (Goodacre & Zadro in Behavior Research Methods 42:768–774, 2010). A total of 152 participants (52 males) were randomly allocated to one of the three paradigms, and their subsequent primary needs were measured (belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence). O-Cam was found to induce greater total primary-need depletion than did Cyberball and recall, which did not differ significantly from each other. Moreover, when examining the pattern of individual need depletion elicited by each paradigm, O-Cam was found to induce significantly greater depletion of belonging, control, and meaningful existence than did the recall paradigm, and significantly greater depletion of control and self-esteem than did Cyberball. No other comparisons were found to be significant, including the comparisons between the recall and Cyberball paradigms for each individual primary need. Collectively, the findings will assist ostracism researchers in making informed choices regarding (a)?which paradigm is appropriate to implement with respect to their research aims, and (b)?whether the interchangeable use of paradigms within a program of research is appropriate practice. 相似文献
108.
De Leonibus E Costantini VJ Massaro A Mandolesi G Vanni V Luvisetto S Pavone F Oliverio A Mele A 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2011,18(4):241-244
Response strategy in the dual-solution plus maze is regarded as a form of stimulus-response learning. In this study, by using an outcome devaluation procedure, we show that it can be based on both action-outcome and stimulus-response habit learning, depending on the amount of training that the animals receive. Furthermore, we show that deactivation of the dorso-medial and the dorso-lateral striatum with Botulinum neurotoxin A, mimicked or abolished, respectively, the effects of practice on the sensitivity of the response strategy to outcome devaluation. These findings have relevant implications for the understanding of the learning mechanisms underlying different overt behaviors in this widely used maze task. 相似文献
109.
Tousignant M Pouliot L Routhier D Vrakas G McGirr A Turecki G 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2011,41(1):66-78
The first objective was to identify the provoking events of suicide in patients with schizophrenia or schizoid-type disorder, and to assess the humiliation component of these events. The second objective was to verify if quality of care during childhood is a vulnerability factor for suicide in patients with schizophrenia or schizoid-type psychosis. Thirty-three cases of suicide with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoid-type psychosis were compared with 34 living patients with a similar diagnosis. The psychological autopsy method was used. The assessments were made with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Axis I mental disorders, the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule, and the Child Experiences and Child Abuse Interview. The suicide group (SG) experienced more often a recent severe event, usually of a humiliation nature, than the control group (CG). It also experienced more severe events associated with aggressive behavior or with psychiatric impairment. Contrary to expectations, the CG had worse scores than the SG for quality of care during childhood. In conclusion, suicide in schizophrenia is related both to environmental stress and to psychiatric impairment. 相似文献
110.
Gordon ES Griffin G Wawak L Pang H Gollust SE Bernhardt BA 《Journal of genetic counseling》2012,21(3):423-432
The value of genomic risk assessment depends upon patients making appropriate behavioral changes in response to increased
risk leading to disease prevention and early detection. To date, few studies have investigated consumers’ response to personalized
genomic disease risk information. To address this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 60 adults participating
in the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative. The interviews took place after receiving results providing genomic and
other risk information for up to eight common complex diseases. We found that participants were most likely to recall results
which conferred an increased risk or those of particular personal interest. Participants understood the multi-factorial nature
of common complex disease, and generally did not have negative emotional responses or overly deterministic perceptions of
their results. Although most participants expressed a desire to use results to improve their health, a minority had actually
taken action (behavior change or shared results with their doctor) at the time of the interview. These results suggest that
participants have a reasonable understanding of genomic risk information and that provision of genomic risk information may
motivate behavior change in some individuals; however additional work is needed to better understand the lack of change seen
in the majority of participants. 相似文献