COMMONALITY OF WORD LISTING,PREDICTABILITY, ORIGINALITY AND CHUNKING

Les AA. analysent les données de deux épreuves verbales (liste de mots, créativité) auxquelles ont été soumis des adolescents hindous (N = 144) et américains (N = 96). Ils constatent que : (1) les sujets hindous montrent plus de variabilité dans la tendance à donner des mots identiques (commonality) dans une liste et se caractérisent par un nombre plus élevé de “ groupes ” de mots, liés entre eux dans une même chaîne de pensée; (2) les filies donnent plus de mots identiques que les garçons, mais seulement dans le groupe américain; (3) il existe une relation faible, mais de sens contraire, entre la prédictibilité et le groupement des mots dans les deux groupes linguistiques. La discussion est centrée sur la pertinence des ressemblances plutôt que des différences en matière de comparaisons interculturelles; les similitudes verbales pourraient refléter chez les sujets américains L'orientation vers le groupe des pairs et il est possible de donner d'autres explications à L'absence de Jiaison entre les similitudes verbales, la prédictibilité, I'originalité et la tendance à répondre par groupes de mots.     

The relationship between lottery ticket and scratch‐card buying behaviour,personality and other compulsive behaviours

The study examines how demographics, other forms of compulsive behaviour and personality are related to the buying frequency and compulsiveness in lottery tickets and scratch‐cards. An integrative framework is developed and tested in a sample of respondents. Results indicated that the buying compulsivenesses in lottery tickets and scratch‐cards have the same correlates. The buying compulsivenesses in both lottery tickets and scratch‐cards were found to be positively related to cigarette consumption and the extraversion dimension of personality and negatively related to the agreeableness and intellect dimensions of personality. Copyright © 2002 Stewart Publications Ltd.     

Priming the Identification of Environmental Sounds

Three experiments were conducted using a repetition priming paradigm: Auditory word or environmental sound stimuli were identified by subjects in a pre-test phase, which was followed by a perceptual identification task using either sounds or words in the test phase. Identification of an environmental sound was facilitated by prior presentation of the same sound, but not by prior presentation of a spoken label (Experiments 1 and 2). Similarly, spoken word identification was facilitated by previous presentation of the same word, but not when the word had been used to label an environmental sound (Experiment 1). A degree of abstraction was demonstrated in Experiment 3, which revealed a facilitation effect between similar sounds produced by the same type of source. These results are discussed in terms of the Transfer Appropriate Processing, activation, and systems approaches.