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991.
Williams JK Else 'R Hishinuma ES Goebert DA Chang JY Andrade NN Nishimura ST 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2005,11(1):41-56
A confirmatory model integrating Japanese ethnicity, cultural identity, and depression was developed (N = 140). The model incorporated the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Major Life Events Scale, and Japanese Cultural Scale. Japanese American adolescents scored higher on the Japanese Cultural Scale and reported fewer depressive symptoms on the CES-D total and on 2 of the 3 CES-D factors than part-Japanese American adolescents. Predictors for depression were being Japanese American vs. part-Japanese American, female gender, and culturally intensified events. A significant interaction of behavior by self-identification was noted. The model had good overall fit and suggested that the formation of cultural identity may contribute to depressive symptoms experienced by adolescents, particularly adolescents of mixed heritage. 相似文献
992.
This study researches the input of the cerebral occipital and temporal cortex in the analysis of facial configuration and expressive characteristics. Analysis is based on the construction of a spherical model for the differentiation of schematically presented faces with quantitatively altering curvature of the mouth and brows. The model is designed using the method of multidimensional scaling of the dissimilarity judgments between stimuli (faces) and the amplitude of evoked potentials of differences (EPD) between abrupt stimulus changes recorded from the occipital and posterior temporal cortex. Analysis of the structure of the spherical model of facial differentiation depending on the electrode site and the latency of the EPD component within the duration of 120-240 ms has demonstrated that the activity of the occipital and posterior temporal cortex of the right hemisphere is associated with the emotional characteristics of the presented face, whereas facial configuration is reflected in the activation of both posterior temporal cortex and the occipital cortex of the left hemisphere. At all electrode sites maximum information of the emotional expression and configuration is represented in inter-peak amplitude P120-N180. With increasing latency there is increased distortion of the structure of differences in the spherical model of schematically presented faces, which is interpreted as an attenuation of electrical activity associated with the analysis of the emotional expression, which occurs more rapidly than configuration analysis. 相似文献
993.
Tracking multiple targets with multifocal attention 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Attention allows us to monitor objects or regions of visual space and select information from them for report or storage. Classical theories of attention assumed a single focus of selection but many everyday activities, such as video games, navigating busy intersections, or watching over children at a swimming pool, require attention to multiple regions of interest. Laboratory tracking tasks have indeed demonstrated the ability to track four or more targets simultaneously. Although the mechanisms by which attention maintains contact with several targets are not yet established, recent studies have identified several characteristics of the tracking process, including properties defining a 'trackable' target, the maximum number of targets that can be tracked, and the hemifield independence of the tracking process. This research also has implications for computer vision, where there is a growing demand for multiple-object tracking. 相似文献
994.
Are abstract representations of number – representations that are independent of the particular type of entities that are enumerated – a product of human language or culture, or do they trace back to human infancy? To address this question, four experiments investigated whether human infants discriminate between sequences of actions (jumps of a puppet) on the basis of numerosity. At 6 months, infants successfully discriminated four‐ versus eight‐jump sequences, when the continuous variables of sequence duration, jump duration, jump rate, jump interval and duration, and extent of motion were controlled, and rhythm was eliminated. In contrast, infants failed to discriminate two‐ versus four‐jump sequences, suggesting that infants fail to form cardinal number representations of small numbers of actions. Infants also failed to discriminate between sequences of four versus six jumps at 6 months, and succeeded at 9 months, suggesting that infants’ number representations are imprecise and increase in precision with age. All of these findings agree with those of studies using visual–spatial arrays and auditory sequences, providing evidence that a single, abstract system of number representation is present and functional in infancy. 相似文献
995.
Semantic features have provided insight into numerous behavioral phenomena concerning concepts, categorization, and semantic
memory in adults, children, and neuropsychological populations. Numerous theories and models in these areas are based on representations
and computations involving semantic features. Consequently, empirically derived semantic feature production norms have played,
and continue to play, a highly useful role in these domains. This article describes a set of feature norms collected from
approximately 725 participants for 541 living (dog) and nonliving (chair) basic-level concepts, the largest such set of norms developed to date. This article describes the norms and numerous statistics
associated with them. Our aim is to make these norms available to facilitate other research, while obviating the need to repeat
the labor-intensive methods involved in collecting and analyzing such norms. The full set of norms may be downloaded from
www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
996.
Flannelly KJ Weaver AJ Handzo GF Smith WJ 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2005,59(1-2):87-96
A random sample of hospital administrators throughout the United States was surveyed about their views on the importance of eleven chaplain roles and functions. The 494 respondents fell into three categories: (1) directors of pastoral care departments (N = 132); (2) administrators of hospitals that have a pastoral care department (N = 180); and (3) administrators of hospitals that do not have a pastoral care department (N = 182). All three groups considered all eleven roles to be relatively important, although administrators of hospitals that do not have a pastoral care department gave lower ratings, overall. Meeting the emotional needs of patients and relatives were seen as chaplains most important roles, whereas performing religious rituals and conducting religious services were seen as least important by all three groups. In all but a few instances, the level of importance that administrators assigned to the various roles were positively related to their ratings of their own religiousness and spirituality (r's = .11 to .26, p < .05). 相似文献
997.
Miles JN 《Behavior research methods》2005,37(4):672-676
This article presents a method for using Microsoft (MS) Excel for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA is often seen as
an impenetrable technique, and thus, when it is taught, there is frequently little explanation of the mechanisms or underlying
calculations. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that this is not the case; it is relatively straightforward to produce
a spreadsheet in MS Excel that can carry out simple CFA. It is possible, with few or no programming skills, to effectively
program a CFA analysis and, thus, to gain insight into the workings of the procedure. 相似文献
998.
999.
Background: To introduce a person with multiple disabilities to a microswitch-aided program, one has to select a plausible response(s),
that is, a response(s) that can be performed reliably and without excessive effort by the person and can successfully activate
the microswitch(es) available (producing preferred stimuli). This paper provides an overview of the responses adopted for
microswitch activation in research studies during the last 20 years. Method: Computerized and manual searches were carried out to identify the studies published between 1986 and 2005. Forty-eight research
studies were identified. They concerned the use of (1) a single (typical) response, (2) a single (non-typical) response, (3)
multiple (typical and non-typical) responses, and (4) multiple (vocal) responses. Results and discussion: The results showed that 151 of the 190 participants involved in the studies had a positive outcome (i.e., clear increases
in their responding, which suggested that they had learned the association between responding and consequent preferred stimuli).
Failures were largely concentrated in the first group of studies. The discussion focused on (a) the importance of selecting
plausible responses for increasing the chances of success, (b) the need of non-typical responses for persons with minimal
motor behavior, (c) implications of programs with multiple responses on engagement and choice, and (d) relevance of using
vocal utterances. Some suggestions for future research concerning these points were also examined. 相似文献
1000.