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91.
Aplysia fasciata attempt to bite and swallow food wrapped in a plastic net, tasting food through holes in the net. Net-enclosed food cannot be swallowed, and becomes cyclically lodged and pushed out of the buccal cavity. Aplysia gradually modify their response to this food, and eventually cease to respond. Twenty-four hours following training, memory is maintained, as shown by savings upon retraining. An essential component of the behavioral plasticity is food becoming stuck within the buccal cavity: when the lips are stimulated without allowing food to enter the buccal cavity, animals stop responding, but training takes longer, and memory is not retained. Savings upon retraining are contingent upon temporal pairing of food upon the lips and stimuli from within the buccal cavity: when lip stimuli and the experience of food stuck within the buccal cavity occur sequentially (rather than simultaneously), 24 hr later, animals are not significantly different from naive subjects. 相似文献
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A new model to explain the redundant-signals effect 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W Schwarz 《Perception & psychophysics》1989,46(5):498-500
95.
W Schwarz 《Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie》1989,36(1):101-117
This article presents a random walk model that can be analyzed without recourse to Wald's (1947) approximation, which neglects the excess over the absorbing barriers. Hence, the model yields exact predictions for the absorption probabilities and all mean conditional absorption times. We derive these predictions in some detail and fit them to the extensive data of an identification experiment published by Green et al. (1983). The fit of the model seems satisfactory. The relationship of the model to existing classes of random walk models (SPRT and SSR; see Luce, 1986) is discussed; for certain combinations of its parameters, the model belongs either to the SPRT or to the SSR class, or to both. We stress the theoretical significance of the knowledge of exact results for the evaluation of Wald's approximation and general properties of the several models proposed derived from this approximation. 相似文献
96.
Gerd Bohner Herbert Bless Norbert Schwarz Fritz Strack 《European journal of social psychology》1988,18(4):335-345
Various field studies and experimental simulations demonstrated that causal reasoning increases after unexpected as well as after unpleasant events. However, unpleasant events are seen as less likely than pleasant ones in everyday life. Accordingly, the subjective probability of the event and its hedonic quality were naturally confounded in these studies. To isolate the contribution of both determinants, the subjective probability and the valence of an event were independently manipulated in a laboratory experiment. Subjects completed an ostensible ‘professional skills test’ and received either success or failure feedback in relation to a criterion set by the experimenter. The subjective probability of success was varied by informing subjects about the distribution of success and failure in a comparable population (either 23 per cent or 77 per cent were said to meet the criterion). The results indicate a pronounced valence effect: The intensity of causal reasoning and the number of possible reasons reported for the outcome was greater after negative than after positive feedback, independent of the a priori probability of the outcome. No evidence for an increase in causal explanations after unexpected, as compared to expected, events was obtained. Several mediating processes are discussed. 相似文献
97.
Dr. Georg Schwab 《Psychological research》1924,5(1):321-339
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
98.
Georg Katona 《Psychological research》1927,9(1):159-162
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Mit 6 Abbildungen im Text. 相似文献
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