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61.
Images from the nanoworld are not at all disorienting or bewildering, as one might expect from contemplating the strange and
surprising features that arise where classical physics comes to an end and quantum effects begin to appear. Instead, we see
the traces of explorers in a world that appears to be infinitely malleable. The paper shows that the capability to visualize
processes and phenomena at the nanoscale is a matter not only of research technologies and the advancement of observational
techniques, but also a matter of developing a visual setting that exhibits knowledge and practice, surprise and control. The
surface is such a stage and so is the landscape: they invite us to become immersed and move around like someone who goes for
a walk. In order to appreciate this pictorial, as well as discursive, setting we turn to “strollology” as a method of reconstructing
the world that is experienced in the manner of walking. With the notion of imagescape this method is applied to the modes
of partaking in the nanoworld and its specific features. Rather than articulate theoretical or metaphysical presuppositions
these nanoscapes serve to validate the very idea of nanotechnology. 相似文献
62.
Norbert Schwarz 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2004,14(4):370-373
The stimulating commentaries by Huber (2004), Lee (2004), and Pham (2004) raised important questions. This response elaborates on some of their themes by addressing the assessment of naive theories, the role of expectations, the influence of metacognitive experiences on consumer choice, as well as parallels between different metacognitive experiences and moods. Receiving thoughtful and stimulating commentary from three of my favorite consumer researchers, whose work has influenced my own thinking, is a great privilege. In this response, I elaborate on some of the themes of their commentaries (Huber, 2004; Lee, 2004; Pham, 2004), although space constraints do not allow me to do full justice to their thoughts. 相似文献
63.
Topoi - Evidence-based medicine frequently uses statistical hypothesis testing. In this paradigm, data can only disconfirm a research hypothesis’ competitors: One tests the negation... 相似文献
64.
Nicole Weidinger Katrin Lindner Katharina Hogrefe Wolfram Ziegler Georg Goldenberg 《Journal of cognition and development》2017,18(2):246-269
This study examined how 5- and 9-year-old children (N = 40) produce pantomimes of object use on verbal request. The task required participants to enact an action with an imagined object. Results showed that with age, children (a) proceeded from body part as object to imaginary object and (b) incorporated into their pantomimes more distinctive features of the object and its use. While the first result replicated previous findings with more items and a more sophisticated coding procedure, the latter result revealed new insights. Children’s selection of distinctive features in pantomime was related to their performance on a semantic odd-one-out task that requires the abstraction of specific features without situational support. The discussion focuses on the cognitive requirements of the task and the potential of pantomime being a reflection of children’s representational development. We suggest an explanation of the findings within the more general developmental model of Karmiloff-Smith. 相似文献
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In an era of specialty medicine, genetic counselors are becoming increasingly focused in their service provision. The Alpha-1
Association Genetic Counseling Program, established in September 2007, specializes in confidential toll-free genetic counseling
provided by a certified genetic counselor for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency, a co-dominant condition associated with lung
and/or liver disease. The program received more than 600 callers in its first 2 years. Sixty-seven percent of new callers
were family members, carriers, or health professionals. The number of callers increased between the first 2 years, with the
greatest increases being family members and health professionals. Testing options and explanation of results encompassed 60%
of initial reasons for calls. Seventy-two percent of referrals came from family and friends, test result letters, and the
Alpha-1 Association. Between year 1 and 2 family member referrals showed the largest increase. This disease-specific genetic
counseling program provides a model that may be useful for other rare disease communities. 相似文献
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Dynamic tasks often require fast adaptations to new viewpoints. It has been shown that automatic spatial updating is triggered by proprioceptive motion cues. Here, we demonstrate that purely visual cues are sufficient to trigger automatic updating. In five experiments, we examined spatial updating in a dynamic attention task in which participants had to track three objects across scene rotations that occurred while the objects were temporarily invisible. The objects moved on a floor plane acting as a reference frame and unpredictably either were relocated when reference frame rotations occurred or remained in place. Although participants were aware of this dissociation they were unable to ignore continuous visual cues about scene rotations (Experiments 1a and 1b). This even held when common rotations of floor plane and objects were less likely than a dissociated rotation (Experiments 2a and 2b). However, identifying only the spatial reference direction was not sufficient to trigger updating (Experiment 3). Thus we conclude that automatic spatial target updating occurs with pure visual information. 相似文献
70.
Georg Spielthenner 《Argumentation》2010,24(2):139-152
We are often faced with dilemmatic situations in which we must choose between alternative courses of action, both of which
will have a bad outcome. It is commonly held that in such cases it is both uncontroversial and unproblematic that we have
to choose the lesser evil. However, despite its frequent application in ethical decision-making, lesser evil reasoning is
not well understood by most of its advocates and it thus occasions much misunderstanding and it presents a number of pitfalls.
In this paper I shall thus, first, analyse the concept of a lesser evil; second, offer a critical assessment of lesser evil
reasoning; third, discuss the most common pitfalls writers tend to fall into; and finally, explore the application of lesser
evil reasoning to choices under uncertainty. 相似文献