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991.
992.
The present study examined the relationships between several independent variables (ego development, commitment to the spouse,
length of marriage, church attendance, and sex of subject) and three marital quality variables (marriage problems, expression
of love, and dyadic adjustment) in a community sample of 72 married couples age 50 and up. Commitment to the spouse was the
strongest and most consistent predictor of marital quality; commitment was negatively related to marriage problems and positively
related to expression of love and dyadic adjustment. The other independent variables were generally unrelated to marital quality. 相似文献
993.
The detectability of high and low intensity emotionally toned words was investigated in a signal detection paradigm using
college students as subjects. Individually set thresholds kept word identification to an average of 16 percent. The results
indicate a complicated pattern of interactions among intensity, gender, positive or negative tone, and hemispheric presentation.
Greater detectability was found for right hemisphere presentations and low intensity words. In addition, positive words showed
greater detectability than negative words. The findings are discussed in terms of factors that affect automatic attitude activation.
This article is based on a presentation at the American Psychological Society Annual in Washington, D.C., June 1998. 相似文献
994.
This study examined the function of approach and avoidant coping on the relations between exposure to violence and post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The sample included seventy African-American, inner-city children (ages eleven to fourteen).
Tests of moderating effects investigated the mechanism of two avoidant coping strategies, cognitive distraction and behavioral
avoidance. Cognitive distraction was found to moderate the level of violence exposure such that, as violence increased, the
use of cognitive distraction was related to an increased frequency of cognitive arousal. Behavioral avoidance moderated violence
such that, under higher exposure to violence, the lowered use of behavioral avoidance was related to an increased frequency
of behavioral arousal. Tests of moderating effects examined the function of two approach strategies, problem-solving and social
support. Neither strategy showed significant effects. This study provided a first-step in the examination of coping within
inner-city children.
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of 相似文献
995.
Journal of Philosophical Logic - If one takes seriously the idea that a scientific language must be extensional, and accepts Quine’s notion of truth-value-related extensionality, and also... 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
In the present review, we summarize the extant literature in the field of delinquency prevention. We do not provide a recounting of whether specific programs have or have not been effective but, rather, attempt to judge the overall utility of programs to prevent delinquency in its various forms and among various definable groups. Specifically, we organize our review of programs according to the characteristics of the targeted population, differentiating programs for universal, selected, or indicated populations. Within each population type, we further distinguish programs according to designated intervention context, relying on a biopsychosocial model that specifies four levels of influence on risk for delinquency: individual, close interpersonal relationships, proximal social settings, and societal macrosystems. At each level, we identify a number of effective intervention strategies and highlight those that are based on relevant risk factor research. As we note, the effectiveness of some approaches depends on the specific population, although, in general, multicomponent, multilevel programs appear to have the most substantial effects. 相似文献
999.
In memory retrieval, search can be guided by mental sets towards different subsets of the available evidence. Such retrieval orientations have been suggested to leave an imprint on event-related potentials (ERPs). The present study aimed at characterizing orientations towards perceptual and conceptual evidence in a recognition task, where pictures and words were studied. In the recognition test, items were presented in either the same format as at study or in the opposite format. A between-subjects manipulation modified the task, instructing an Exclusion group to endorse only items that preserved their format from study, and an Inclusion group to endorse both formats of a studied item. It was hypothesized that exclusion instructions would instill a perceptual and inclusion instructions a conceptual orientation. As a corollary, instructions were expected to dissociate the high end from the low end of the picture-word mirror effect. This expectation was confirmed in a behavioural experiment. In an ERP experiment, retrieval orientations were examined in their effects on correct rejections of new pictures and words. Confirming earlier findings [Hornberger, M., Morcom, A. M., & Rugg, M. D. (2004). Neural correlates of retrieval orientation: effects of study-test similarity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(7), 1196-1210], a perceptual orientation was accompanied by more positive-going amplitudes over widespread areas. The difference was larger for pictures than for words, supporting behavioural evidence that new pictures are more easily rejected on perceptual grounds than are new words. The Exclusion group showed no ERP evidence of cross-format old-new effects, despite reaction times indicative of involuntary conceptual recognition. The results indicate that perceptual and conceptual retrieval orientations imprint distinct signatures on ERPs. They further suggest that the examined old-new effects in ERPs are mainly linked to voluntary aspects of memory, even in a task where involuntary memory exerts effects on reaction times. 相似文献
1000.
Lind G 《Psychological reports》2006,98(2):580-584
The Moral Judgment Test is an operationalization of Kohlberg's notion of moral judgment competence and Piaget's two-aspect model of behavior and thus differs from tests of preferred moral orientations and Kohlberg's own Stage measurement. As this best presents counter-arguments to be rated in regard to their moral quality, it is a difficult task for many, and the C score reflects the respondents' competence to cope with the task. Validation studies of 27 language versions and thirty years of use in research and evaluation studies have indicated the Moral Judgment Test is valid and useful for assessing affective and cognitive aspects of moral behavior for research and evaluation. 相似文献