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961.
962.
When an item response theory model fails to fit adequately, the items for which the model provides a good fit and those for which it does not must be determined. To this end, we compare the performance of several fit statistics for item pairs with known asymptotic distributions under maximum likelihood estimation of the item parameters: (a) a mean and variance adjustment to bivariate Pearson's X2, (b) a bivariate subtable analog to Reiser's (1996) overall goodness-of-fit test, (c) a z statistic for the bivariate residual cross product, and (d) Maydeu-Olivares and Joe's (2006) M2 statistic applied to bivariate subtables. The unadjusted Pearson's X2 with heuristically determined degrees of freedom is also included in the comparison. For binary and ordinal data, our simulation results suggest that the z statistic has the best Type I error and power behavior among all the statistics under investigation when the observed information matrix is used in its computation. However, if one has to use the cross-product information, the mean and variance adjusted X2 is recommended. We illustrate the use of pairwise fit statistics in 2 real-data examples and discuss possible extensions of the current research in various directions. 相似文献
963.
Qingguo Zhai Mike Willis Bob O'Shea Yubo Zhai Yuwen Yang 《International journal of psychology》2013,48(6):1099-1108
This paper examines the effect of the Big Five personality traits on job satisfaction and subjective wellbeing (SWB). The paper also examines the mediating role of job satisfaction on the Big Five–SWB relationship. Data were collected from a sample of 818 urban employees from five Chinese cities: Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian, and Fushun. All the study variables were measured with well‐established multi‐item scales that have been validated both in English‐speaking populations and in China. The study found only extraversion to have an effect on job satisfaction, suggesting that there could be cultural difference in the relationships between the Big Five and job satisfaction in China and in the West. The study found that three factors in the Big Five—extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism—have an effect on SWB. This finding is similar to findings in the West, suggesting convergence in the relationship between the Big Five and SWB in different cultural contexts. The research found that only the relationship between extraversion and SWB is partially mediated by job satisfaction, implying that the effect of the Big Five on SWB is mainly direct, rather than indirect via job satisfaction. The study also found that extraversion was the strongest predictor of both job satisfaction and SWB. This finding implies that extraversion could be more important than other factors in the Big Five in predicting job satisfaction and SWB in a “high collectivism” and “high power distance” country such as China. The research findings are discussed in the Chinese cultural context. The study also offers suggestions on the directions for future research. 相似文献
964.
Yang Li Fanghong Dong Fenglin Cao Naixue Cui Jie Li Zhouting Long 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2013,54(6):485-492
This study sought to characterize executive dysfunctions in poly‐victimized students without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the relationship between neuropsychological and behavioral rating measures of executive functions (EFs). Based on self‐report data of exposure to victimization and PTSD symptoms, 259 junior college students aged 18–21 years were classified into four groups: poly‐victimization with PTSD symptoms (PVP), poly‐victimization without PTSD symptoms (PVnP), non‐poly‐victimization (nPV), and non‐victimization (nV). Respondents also completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function‐Adult Version (BRIEF‐A). Of the 259 participants, 131 were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB). The PVP group and the PVnP group performed worse than the nV group on most BRIEF‐A scales. When compared with the nPV group, the PVP group demonstrated poorer performance on the scales of Inhibit, Shift, Emotional Control, Initiate, and Working Memory, while the PVnP group performed more poorly on the Working Memory scale and the Task Monitor scale. For all BRIEF‐A scales, no significant differences were detected between the PVP group and the PVnP group. This study showed no between‐group differences for most of the neuropsychological tests except for the Stop Signal Task (SST), and no correlations between these two measures of EFs. Overall, we found evidence of an association between deficits in EFs and poly‐victimization. Although our study raises questions about the relationship between these two measures of EFs, it suggests that the use of the BRIEF‐A in conjunction with the CANTAB provides a more complete assessment of the executive dysfunctions. 相似文献
965.
明末蒲益智旭的<辟邪集>采用以子之矛攻子之盾的办法作为论辩策略,对当时传入中国的天主教给予了全面而锐利的批判,以对天主教天主观的批判作为核心,尤其是对天主全能以及恶的来源的批判,可谓击中了天主教的要害之处. 相似文献
966.
发展性阅读障碍是学习障碍的主要类型之一, 严重影响个体认知、情感与社会适应性的发展。书写与阅读关系密切, 阅读障碍者常常表现出书写加工缺陷。在行为层面, 阅读障碍者书写缺陷表现在书写质量差、速度慢和停顿多等多个方面。在脑机制层面, 脑成像研究发现, 阅读障碍者书写加工缺陷与字形加工脑区活动, 以及字形与运动区脑功能与结构连接异常有关。总体而言, 阅读障碍者书写过程中的字形通达缺陷的证据比较充分, 但字形与运动编码的衔接以及运动执行是否存在困难, 尚缺乏研究证据。相对于字母语言, 书写与阅读的关系在汉语中更为紧密, 汉语阅读障碍的书写研究将为开发汉语特色的诊治方案提供重要指导。 相似文献
967.
本文从美国基督教的精神熏陶、听人讲授《圣经》和反复阅读《圣经》等五个方面,说明了胡适早期基督教思想的形成背景。认为对耶稣容忍精神的体认、对耶稣人格的崇高评价、关于上帝的独特见解等方面构成了胡适早期基督教思想的主要内容。而胡适早年的基督教思想,特别是"以上帝为人之至极,人为具体而未臻之上帝"以及耶稣的容忍精神,对胡适的一生有长远而重要的影响,具有不可替代的作用。 相似文献
968.
寺学是晚唐归义军时期敦煌教育的一种特殊而重要的形式,但在寺学使用什么样的教材方面,学者们大都拘泥于传统的儒家典籍,未认识到寺学以佛学教育为主这一性质。佛教入门读物,就是以宣传和普及佛教常识为目的,部分或系统介绍佛教名数、义理知识,使初学者得到基本佛教常识的书籍。本文通过对二者特点的分析,来探究它们之间的关系。 相似文献
969.
倪云林是中国绘画史上著名的文人画家,其绘画思想以及所表达的意蕴方面的研究成果颇多.他接受道家的出世思想,并影响到他的人生艺术观,以书画艺术宣泄其压抑的情感,寄寓自己的才情、心志、意趣,不仅化变出自己的面貌,表现出卓越的才华,同时也成为中国山水画史上高逸一路画风的最高峰,真可谓是空前而绝后. 相似文献
970.
论环境伦理学的两种探究模式 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
环境伦理学既是一种道德哲学,也是一种应用伦理学,由此致使一些人对环境伦理学的身份感到困惑,并对环境伦理学的合法性提出了质疑.通过区分并说明环境伦理学的两种探究模式(即道德哲学模式与应用伦理学模式),试图解答人们关于环境伦理学之身份的困惑,并对环境伦理学的合法性进行辩护. 相似文献