中医的"证"与人体"状态"

近年来在证的研究中 ,像“机体反应状态”、“机体宏观状态”、“整体功能态”、“异常机能状态”、“综合性的功能态”、“应变态势”等等一些类似的语词常被用来说明证的内涵。这些来自不同角度的称谓之间虽然有些细微差异 ,但大都认为证是人体的一种异常状态。甚至有人干脆说中医学就是状态医学[1] 。那么什么是状态 ?证为什么能够称作状态 ?把证看成状态又有什么意义呢 ?对这些问题目前尚缺乏一个通盘的论证。1　状态是什么状态作为一个哲学范畴具有相当老的资格 ,在亚里士多德的“十范畴表”中它就占了一席 ,他指出 :“状态则是一种很…     

条件性味觉厌恶分化后臂旁核c-fos表达的变

以口内注入糖精或蔗糖溶液为条件刺激,腹腔内注射LiCl为非条件刺激,在大鼠形成条件性味觉厌恶后进行分化训练,观察味质和嗜好性对臂旁核各亚核c-fos表达的影响及其交互作用。结果表明：味质和嗜好性对背侧外侧亚核(dls)和腹侧外侧亚核(vls)的c-fos表达无影响;在内侧外侧亚核(ils)和外部内侧亚核(ems),蔗糖诱导的c-fos表达高于糖精,但在外部外侧亚核(els),糖精诱导的表达高于蔗糖;嗜好性刺激引起ils、中央外侧亚核(cls)和cms内c-fos高表达,厌恶性刺激引起ems和els内的高表达。在ils和cms嗜好性与味质的影响各自独立,在els和ems内嗜好性与味质的影响存在交互作用。提示PBN内存在味质辨别和报酬评价的代表区,两种代表区有交迭,ems和els对味质信息和报酬信息的整合有重要作用     

Gender Differences in Children’s Psychological Well-Being in Mainland China: Risk and Protective Factors

Applied Research in Quality of Life - Despite extensive research on children’s psychological well-being, little consensus about gender’s influence has been reached. In response, we...     

传统媒体上强势品牌广告竞争溢出效应的作用机制及分布规律

由于产品之间存在相互关联性, 一个企业的广告不仅会对本企业产品的市场需求产生促进作用, 而且对其它企业产品的市场需求也会产生一定影响, 这种影响被称为广告的溢出效应。以往研究发现, 强势品牌广告竞争对弱势品牌具有溢出效应, 但该研究仅验证了溢出效应存在, 并未对其作用机制进行深入挖掘。通过实验方法探讨强势品牌广告竞争对弱势品牌的溢出效应的作用机制及边界条件是当务之急, 实验一探讨强势品牌广告竞争对弱势品牌溢出效应的作用机制, 主要包括探讨中介变量和调节变量两个方面的问题。中介变量包括消费者对强势品牌的涉入度、感知产品质量、行业市场份额变化三个变量, 调节变量包括消费者广告态度、消费者任务导向、产品生命周期、产品同质性四个变量。实验二探讨强势品牌广告竞争对弱势品牌的溢出效应的整体分布规律, 包括产品成长期和成熟期两个时期的溢出效应分布规律。研究将揭示强势品牌广告竞争的作用机制和整体分布规律, 有利于丰富溢出效应理论和广告效果理论。     

探测金星的历程(一)

除太阳、月亮之外金星是天空中肉眼能够看到的最明亮的星,最亮的时候达4．4等,比全天最亮的恒星天狼星还亮14倍。金星是太阳系九大行星中距离太阳第二近的行星,也是距离地球最近的行星。我国古代称之为太白,早上出现在东方时又叫启明、晓星、明星,傍晚出现在西方时也叫长庚、黄昏星。金星接受的阳光比地球多了一倍,笼罩金星的厚密云层将大约75％的阳光反射到空间,使它变得光彩夺目。无论从年龄、体积、形态、密度, 还是诞生时的环境上看,金星都与地球非常相似, 因此被称为地球的“姐妹星”,人们猜测那里可能     

临济宗雪峰蕴闻禅法语录阐微

大慧宗杲(1089-1163),两宋时期著名禅师",看话禅"的代表性人物,是促成"临济再兴"的重要人物,在临济宗史上具有重要地位。由宗杲的传法历程来看,不管是其住持云门庵,还是住持径山等禅院期间,身边一直有大量弟子及参禅者;其被编管于衡州、梅州的十几年时间里,亦是从学者众多。     

Hedonic Evaluation over Short and Long Retention Intervals: The Mechanism of the Peak–End Rule

The peak–end rule is used to explain how people make retrospective hedonic evaluations. This study advances our understanding of its mechanism by identifying the different effects of the rule on such evaluations over short and long retention intervals. The results of two experiments show that (i) respondents constructed their retrospective hedonic evaluations on the basis of the peak and end affects only over a short retention interval, not over a long one; and (ii) respondents relied on episodic information to construct their evaluations over a short retention interval, whereas they relied on both semantic and episodic information to construct their evaluations over a long retention interval. Our study also suggests that the “watershed” between short and long retention intervals is likely to lie between 3 and 7 weeks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中学生的心理理论在道义情境中的发展

创设了习俗领域和个人领域两类道义情境故事,两类领域中皆包含阐释型和惩罚型两种规则形式,然后考察176名中学生对道义情境故事中行为者和规则制定者的想法、感受和行为倾向等方面的预测,来分析中学生心理理论的发展特点.结果表明,中学生认为:(1)相对于习俗领域,行为者对个人领域规则会给予更多负面理解,倾向于实现自己的愿望. (2)随着年龄增长,行为者对个人领域规则的正面理解减少,行为方面倾向于满足自己的愿望.(3)教师对违反习俗领域阐释型规则的学生会有较多负面看法,对违反惩罚型规则的学生会做出更多惩罚.     

Reliability and validity of the kiddie mach scale in Chinese children

The present study examined the psychometric properties of a translated Chinese version of the Kiddie Mach Scale in a sample of Chinese students (N=787) ages 9 to 13 years (416 boys, 371 girls; M age= 11.3 yr., SD = 1.3). Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a three-factor structure to be the most adequate model: Distrust, Lack of faith in human nature, and Dishonesty. These results are similar to the English version, but not the Greek version. The Chinese version exhibited weak internal consistency, but acceptable 4-week test-retest reliability. The Chinese version of the Kiddie Mach Scale was significantly associated with the Basic Empathy Scale. There was a sex effect on Kiddie Mach Scale scores with boys scoring higher on the Total scale and the Distrust subscale. Some items did not seem to function well in Chinese culture. More research will be needed to find items that represent, especially, distrust in Chinese settings.     

Efficient spatio-temporal data mining with GenSpace graphs

We describe a method for spatio-temporal data mining based on GenSpace graphs. Using familiar calendar and geographical concepts, such as workdays, weeks, climatic regions, and countries, spatio-temporal data can be aggregated into summaries in many ways. We automatically search for a summary with a distribution that is anomalous, i.e., far from user expectations. We repeatedly ranking possible summaries according to current expectations, and then allow the user to adjust these expectations. We also choose a propagation path in the GenSpace subgraph that reduces the storage and time costs of the mining process.