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41.
The role of self-to-object updating in orientation-free performance on spatial-memory tasks 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sholl MJ Bartels GP 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2002,28(3):422-436
A single view of a room-sized path produces an orientation-specific memory representation, yet when memory is tested at a location on the path, orientation-free performance is observed. Either a virtual-views or an updating hypothesis can account for orientation-free performance by attributing it, respectively, to an orientation-free long-term-memory representation or to a working-memory representation of the body's updated location relative to the path. Experiments 1 and 2 test these hypotheses by manipulating the test-site location and the complexity of the trajectory from the study site to the test site. Experiment 3 tests orientation to the test space as a function of trajectory complexity. Results support a virtual-views explanation for the orientation-free performance of males and an updating explanation for females. 相似文献
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Melissa Johnstone Jolanda Jetten Genevieve A. Dingle Cameron Parsell Zoe C. Walter 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2016,26(5):421-438
There is growing recognition that social isolation and a lack of connectedness with social groups is one of the reasons why the subjective well‐being of homeless individuals is generally worse than the rest of the population. Past research amongst a range of populations suggests that the ability of an individual to take on new group memberships and/or their ability to maintain their memberships in meaningful groups is an important predictor of well‐being. In a mixed method study (N = 119), we examined the extent to which experiences at homeless accommodation form building blocks for the formation of multiple group memberships and to what extent this predicts positive well‐being. Qualitative analysis reveals the importance of feeling connected to the homeless service and supported by homeless accommodation staff. Linking these data to quantitative data from a second wave, we found that these experiences predicted well‐being. These findings provide further support for a strength‐based approach to homelessness, by providing insights into the ways that experiences at homeless accommodation can contribute to the development of multiple group memberships (i.e. social capital), and enhance the well‐being of those experiencing, and exiting, homelessness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Katherine S. L. Lau Monica A. Marsee Genevieve E. Lapré Miklos B. Halmos 《Deviant behavior》2016,37(8):904-916
In a sample of 117 youth and their parents, the associations between parental relational aggression, psychological control, youth gender, and youth relational aggression were examined. Boys with parents high on relational aggression and psychological control reported more relational aggression than boys with parents high on relational aggression and low on psychological control. Girls with parents low on relational aggression and high on psychological control reported more relational aggression than girls with parents low on relational aggression and psychological control. Results indicate youth may learn to use relational aggression from their parents, and have implications for intervention with relationally aggressive youth. 相似文献
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Brian J. Murphy Genevieve M. Haddad Robert M. Stelnman 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1974,16(3):557-563
A contact lens optical Jever was used to measure two-dimensional fixation characteristics when experienced Ss fixated at various positions within simple forms small enough to fall entirely on the foveal floor (<80 min). Fixation stability and the average direction of the line of sight were not markedly or systematically affected by the shape of the fixation stimulus. Similar results were obtained when all saccades were suppressed and the line of sight maintained exclusively by means of slow control. These results cast doubt on motor theories of form perception. 相似文献
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Martin Amerikaner Genevieve Monks Penny Wolfe Stuart Thomas 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1994,72(6):614-620
Two studies explored the relationships between individual psychological health (PH) status and perceptions of family interaction and family climate variables as perceived by young adults. Psychological health was defined within inter- and intrapersonal domains, represented by social interest and psychological hardiness. Scores on social interest and hardiness instruments were standardized and added to put the construct of psychological health into practice. Family interaction variables were measured with Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-III (FACES-III), the Children's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory-30 (CRPBI-30), Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (PAC), Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), and the Family Environment Scale (FES). Multivariate analyses indicated that PH status was associated with several family variables, with cohesion emerging as a key dimension. Implications for counseling are discussed. 相似文献
48.
The authors used an event-contingent daily recording strategy, the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR), to examine the motivational dynamics of interpersonal relations. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the authors demonstrated that social interactions were more pleasant when participants felt autonomous, competent, and related. Autonomy, competence, and relatedness consistently predicted interaction quality, regardless of (a) the length of the interaction; (b) whether it was dyadic or in a group; and (c) whether it was an interaction with family, friends, or acquaintances. However, participants were more likely to report feeling autonomous and related when they were interacting either with family members and friends or in a dyadic situation. These results suggest that experiences of autonomy, competence, and relatedness may make a good day partly because they produce satisfying interpersonal experiences. 相似文献
49.
Aggressor and victim perspective-related differences in perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer
Traclet A Rascle O Souchon N Coulomb-Cabagno G Dosseville F 《Perceptual and motor skills》2008,106(1):234-240
The purpose of this role-playing study was to explore the perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer as a function of perspective-related differences (aggressor vs victim) and type of aggression (instrumental vs hostile). 120 soccer players watched videotaped aggressive interactions in soccer and took the perspective of the actors (aggressor then victim or the reverse). Then they rated the legitimacy of each aggressive behavior depending on its ultimate goal (instrumental then hostile or the reverse). When participants adopted the aggressor perspective, they perceived instrumental aggression as more legitimate than hostile aggression. In contrast, when participants took the perspective of the victim, no significant difference was found regardless of the type of aggression. The discussion focussed on implications and consequences of such divergences in aggressive sport situations. 相似文献
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Perinatal asphyxia is a significant contributor to neonatal brain injury. However, there is significant variability in neurological outcome in neonates after global hypoxia-ischemia. The aims of this study were to identify which physiological response/s during global hypoxia-ischemia influence the severity of brain injury and to assess their relative importance. Hypoxia/hypercapnia was induced in 20 anaesthetized piglets by reducing the inspired oxygen fraction to 10% and the ventilation rate from 30 to 10 breaths per minute for 45 min. Neurological outcome was assessed using functional markers including cerebral function amplitude (via electroencephalography) and cerebral impedance, and the structural marker microtubule associated protein-2 by immunohistochemistry at 6 h post hypoxia. Significant variability in neurological outcome was observed following the constant hypoxia/hypercapnia insult. There was a high degree of variability in cardiovascular function (mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate) and serum cortisol concentrations in response to hypoxia. More effective maintenance of cardiovascular function and higher serum cortisol concentrations were associated with a better outcome. These two variables were strongly associated with neurological outcome, and together explained 68% of the variation in the severity of neurological outcome. The variability in the cardiovascular and cortisol responses to hypoxia may be a more important determinant of neurological outcome then previously recognized. 相似文献