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81.
Genevieve L. Quek Matthew Finkbeiner 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(4):131-143
Visual perception is characterised by asymmetries arising from the brain’s
preferential response to particular stimulus types at different retinal
locations. Where the lower visual field (LVF) holds an advantage over the upper
visual field (UVF) for many tasks (e.g., hue discrimination, contrast
sensitivity, motion processing), face-perception appears best supported at
above-fixation locations (Quek &
Finkbeiner, 2014a). This finding is consistent with Previc’s (1990) suggestion that vision in the UVF has
become specialised for object recognition processes often required in
”extrapersonal” space. Outside of faces, however, there have been very few
investigations of vertical asymmetry effects for higher-level objects. Our aim
in the present study was, thus, to determine whether the UVF advantage reported
for face-perception would extend to a nonface object – human hands. Participants
classified the sex of hand images presented above or below central fixation by
reaching out to touch a left or right response panel. On each trial, a briefly
presented spatial cue captured the participant’s spatial attention to either the
location where the hand was about to appear (valid cue) or the opposite location
(invalid cue). We observed that cue validity only modulated the efficiency of
the sex-categorisation response for targets in the LVLVF and not the UVF, just
as we have reported previously for face-sex categorisation (Quek & Finkbeiner, 2014a). Taken
together, the data from these studies provide some empirical support for
Previc’s (1990) speculation that object
recognition processes may enjoy an advantage in the upper-hemifield. 相似文献
82.
Imitation in human neonates, unlike imitation in young infants, is still regarded as controversial. Four studies with 203 newborns are presented to examine the imitation of index finger, two‐ and three‐finger movements in human neonates. Results found differential imitations of all three modelled gestures, a left‐handed pattern, and a rapid learning mechanism. The lateralized behavioural pattern suggests the involvement of a right lateralized neural network, and the mechanisms described in this study – (i) the accurate imitation of all aspects of the model's movements, (ii) the rapid learning component, and the (iii) the early sensitive period might fulfil the criteria for filial imprinting. 相似文献
83.
84.
Miriam Vock Olaf Köller Gabriel Nagy 《The British journal of educational psychology》2013,83(2):305-328
Background. Vocational interests play a central role in the vocational decision‐making process and are decisive for the later job satisfaction and vocational success. Based on Ackerman's (1996) notion of trait complexes, specific interest profiles of gifted high‐school graduates can be expected. Aims. Vocational interests of gifted and highly achieving adolescents were compared to those of their less intelligent/achieving peers according to Holland's (1997) RIASEC model. Further, the impact of intelligence and achievement on interests were analysed while statistically controlling for potentially influencing variables. Changes in interests over time were investigated. Sample . N= 4,694 German students (age: M= 19.5, SD= .80; 54.6% females) participated in the study (TOSCA; Köller, Watermann, Trautwein, & Lüdtke, 2004 ). Method. Interests were assessed in participants’ final year at school and again 2 years later (N= 2,318). Results . Gifted participants reported stronger investigative and realistic interests, but lower social interests than less intelligent participants. Highly achieving participants reported higher investigative and (in wave 2) higher artistic interests. Considerable gender differences were found: gifted girls had a flat interest profile, while gifted boys had pronounced realistic and investigative and low social interests. Multilevel multiple regression analyses predicting interests by intelligence and school achievement revealed stable interest profiles. Beyond a strong gender effect, intelligence and school achievement each contributed substantially to the prediction of vocational interests. Conclusions . At the time around graduation from high school, gifted young adults show stable interest profiles, which strongly differ between gender and intelligence groups. These differences are relevant for programmes for the gifted and for vocational counselling. 相似文献
85.
Susan Genevieve Simpson Shirley Rochford Andrew Livingstone Sandra English Carly Austin 《Australian psychologist》2014,49(4):193-199
There is a significant shortage of clinical psychology services in rural and remote Australia. It is proposed that tele‐web psychology may provide one potential solution to this inequity in health provision. A tele‐web psychology project was developed through a partnership between a university and country health service setting in rural South Australia. Tele‐web psychology was conducted by Provisional Psychologists on their first clinical placement, with patients attending sessions in a community mental health team hub in a regional centre north of Adelaide. This article describes the logistics of setting up a collaborative tele‐web psychology service and makes recommendations on how to expedite the success of this type of venture. 相似文献
86.
Eric B. Hekler Matthew P. Buman David Ahn Genevieve Dunton Audie A. Atienza Abby C. King 《Psychology & health》2013,28(9):1009-1020
The physical environment is thought to influence walking; however, daily variations in perceived environment have received little attention. The current study sought to examine if key within-person factors (i.e., implementation intentions, social support, affect and self-efficacy) would be associated with walking and if perceived access to supportive environments (e.g., access to nice walking paths) and perceived environmental barriers (e.g., bad weather and safety issues) were uniquely associated with walking after controlling for other constructs. Participants (N?=?14, 50.0% men, 78.6% White, M age?=?59.4?±?6.4) were in the intervention arm of an 8-week controlled trial promoting walking via personal digital assistants. Participants completed electronic surveys twice a day (total entries?=?804) in which they reported brisk walking levels and psychosocial and environmental factors. Multilevel modelling was used to examine within-person variations in constructs as determinants of walking. Results suggested that daily variations in implementation intentions, social support and positive affect were positively associated with walking. Further, perceived access to supportive environments, though not perceived environmental barriers, was positively associated with walking after controlling for other constructs (p?<?0.05). Future research should explore intervention components that target context-specific information about perceived access to supportive environments as part of a broader perspective on intervention development. 相似文献
87.
The role of self-to-object updating in orientation-free performance on spatial-memory tasks 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sholl MJ Bartels GP 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2002,28(3):422-436
A single view of a room-sized path produces an orientation-specific memory representation, yet when memory is tested at a location on the path, orientation-free performance is observed. Either a virtual-views or an updating hypothesis can account for orientation-free performance by attributing it, respectively, to an orientation-free long-term-memory representation or to a working-memory representation of the body's updated location relative to the path. Experiments 1 and 2 test these hypotheses by manipulating the test-site location and the complexity of the trajectory from the study site to the test site. Experiment 3 tests orientation to the test space as a function of trajectory complexity. Results support a virtual-views explanation for the orientation-free performance of males and an updating explanation for females. 相似文献
88.
Relations between preventive health behavior and hardiness 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To estimate the relationship between hardiness and preventive health behaviors a hardiness scale and a health hazard appraisal were administered to 211 college students. Multiple regression analysis indicated that modest amounts of variance on the hardiness measures were explained by the components of the health-hazard appraisals. Indications are that the concepts of hardiness and preventive health behavior are related and need further clarification. 相似文献
89.
90.
Martin Amerikaner Genevieve Monks Penny Wolfe Stuart Thomas 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1994,72(6):614-620
Two studies explored the relationships between individual psychological health (PH) status and perceptions of family interaction and family climate variables as perceived by young adults. Psychological health was defined within inter- and intrapersonal domains, represented by social interest and psychological hardiness. Scores on social interest and hardiness instruments were standardized and added to put the construct of psychological health into practice. Family interaction variables were measured with Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-III (FACES-III), the Children's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory-30 (CRPBI-30), Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (PAC), Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), and the Family Environment Scale (FES). Multivariate analyses indicated that PH status was associated with several family variables, with cohesion emerging as a key dimension. Implications for counseling are discussed. 相似文献