Dimensionality of the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire: a validation study in Belgium

This study examined the underlying dimensions of the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire to test whether the robust 4-factor structure (Pay Level, Benefits, Raises, and Structure or Administration) often established in the United States can be generalized to other countries and cultures as well. Data of 4 samples (for-profit employees, nonprofit nurses, cultural centre employees, and nonprofit teachers) were analysed with confirmatory factor analyses. The results for the first 3 samples yielded support for the original 4-factor structure of the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire. In the teachers' sample, the irrelevant Benefits items were excluded from the analysis, resulting in a 3-factor structure of pay satisfaction.     

面孔加工特异性的事件相关电位研究

采用事件相关电位方法,以面孔、汽车、鸟和椅子为刺激,在汽车搜索作业及分类判断作业两种条件下考察了N170面孔特异性效应。结果发现,面孔在两种条件下均引起明显不同于其余三类物体的N170。实验任务对汽车刺激有明显的影响,具体表现为：在搜索作业下,汽车N170有接近面孔N170的趋势,其波幅显著大于鸟、椅子N170的波幅;在分类作业中,则没有这种显著的差异。从而为证明存在面孔识别的特异性神经机制提供了证据。     

随机棋局存在专家记忆优势效应吗?

专家在其擅长领域中 ,对有意义刺激所表现出的记忆优势效应 ,已为诸多研究所证实。然而 ,对于随机刺激 ,专家是否存在记忆优势 ,尚未有明确的研究结果。文章以中国象棋为实验材料探讨这一问题 ,在一定程度上克服了先前研究中实验材料的局限性。实验结果表明 ,随机刺激不存在专家记忆优势效应。作者还比较了模板理论和限制调节理论 ,认为前者优于后者     

不协调理论的逻辑基础——读张清宇先生的《弗协调逻辑》

一个理论是协调的就是指一个理论是无矛盾的,即在该理论中不存在这样的命题A,A与它的否定非A都是该理论的定理;否则,我们就说该理论是不协调的。一个理论的理想状态应该是协调的。但是事实上,现实存在的理论有相当一部分是处于不协调状态的。我们的经验或者常识就常常是不协调的。具有辩证思想传统的中国是一个具有不协调思想传统的大国。先秦持“两可之说”的邓析、公孙龙子等人的思想应该说是不协调的,承认“亦此亦彼”的传统辩证法思想也可以说是不协调的。[1]大量存在的不协调理论现象说明了不协调理论的客观实在性。如何限制矛盾的作…     

向普及科技知识和科学精神者致敬

带动我国科学技术有效发展的是两个轮子,一是科技创新,一是科技普及。作为一个门外汉,我就科普问题谈点感受。一鸦片战争失败以来,为了从根本上摆脱国家贫     

The role of the frequency of constituents in compound words: Evidence from Basque and Spanish

Recent data from compound word processing suggests that compounds are recognized via their constituent lexemes (Juhasz, Starr, Inhoff, & Placke, 2003). The present lexical decision experiment manipulated orthogonally the frequency of the constituents of compound words in two languages: Basque and Spanish. Basque and Spanish diverge widely in their morphological properties and in the number of existing compound words. Furthermore, the head lexeme (i.e., the most meaningful lexeme related to the whole-word meaning) in Spanish tends to be the second lexeme, whereas in Basque the percentage is more distributed. Results showed a facilitative effect of the frequency of the second lexeme, in both Basque and Spanish compounds. Thus, both Basque and Spanish readers decompose compounds into their constituents for lexical access, and this decomposition is carried out in a language-independent and blind-to-semantics manner. We examine the implications of these results for models of lexical access.     

Long-term enrichment enhances the cognitive behavior of the aging neurogranin null mice without affecting their hippocampal LTP

Neurogranin (Ng), a PKC substrate, is abundantly expressed in brain regions important for cognitive functions. Deletion of Ng caused severe deficits in spatial learning and LTP in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice. These Ng-/- mice also exhibit deficits in the amplification of their hippocampal signaling pathways critical for learning and memory. A short-term exposure to an enriched environment failed to improve their behavioral performances. Here, we showed that a long-term enrichment protocol for the aging mice was beneficial to the Ng-/- as well as Ng+/+ and Ng+/- mice in preventing age-related cognitive decline. Enrichment also caused an increase in the hippocampal CREB level of all three genotypes and Ng level of Ng+/+ and Ng+/- mice, but not that of alphaCaMKII or ERK. Interestingly, hippocampal slices of these enriched aging Ng-/- mice, unlike those of Ng+/+ and Ng+/- mice, did not show enhancement in the high frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced LTP in the CA1 region. It appears that the learning and memory processes in these enriched aging Ng-/- mice do not correlate with the HFS-induced LTP, which is facilitated by Ng. These results demonstrated that long-term enrichment for the aging Ng-/- mice may improve their cognitive function through an Ng-independent plasticity pathway.     

美洲上空的龙——从奥尔梅克到阿兹特克的宗教

一般认为原始的墨西哥宗教是由美洲虎神所统治的。但是美国宗教史学家卡尔·卢柯特教授通过他深入的研究,将拉本塔奥尔梅克文明的铺贴面像倒置过来进行观察,认定它们是一种代表南美洲响尾蛇的镶嵌雕塑。这样一来,由美洲虎神所统治的墨西哥宗教就被农业文明中的大地雨龙所重新定位。     

Does work engagement increase person–job fit? The role of job crafting and job insecurity

Drawing on the expanded model of person–environment fit and job crafting theory, this study investigates the underlying processes of the relationship between work engagement and changes in person–job fit. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted among 246 Chinese employees of a high technology company. As hypothesized, the results show that work engagement is positively related to changes in demands–abilities fit through changes in physical job crafting and positively related to changes in needs–supplies fit through changes in relational job crafting. As predicted, the positive relationship between work engagement and changes in relational job crafting (however, not changes in physical job crafting) is strengthened under conditions of high (vs. low) job insecurity. Our findings indicate that engaged employees craft their work in physical and relational ways, which creates a better person–job fit. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Contingent orienting or contingent capture: A size singleton matching the target–distractor size relation cannot capture attention

In the present study, we examined whether a peripheral size-singleton distractor that matches the target–distractor size relation can capture attention and disrupt central target identification. Three experiments consistently showed that a size singleton that matches the target–distractor size relation cannot capture attention when it appears outside of the attentional window, even though the same size singleton produces a cuing effect. In addition, a color singleton that matches the target color, instead of a size singleton that matches the target–distractor size relation, captures attention when it is outside of the attentional window. Thus, a size-relation-matched distractor is much weaker than a color-matched distractor in capturing attention and cannot capture attention when the distractor appears outside of the attentional window.