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排序方式: 共有111条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Norman S. Endler David L. Wiesenthal Teresa Coward Jean Edwards Sheldon H. Geller 《European journal of social psychology》1975,5(3):281-287
Subject correctness and group agreement were initially varied for college subjects performing a multiple-choice informational task (Canadian Knowledge Inventory). On a subsequent perceptual task (Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices), the dependent variable of conformity was assessed to examine generalization of relative competence formed on the informational task. It was seen that: (1) Those who perceived themselves to be less competent than the group on the first task exhibited the greatest level of conformity on the second task, thus replicating previous research on perceived relative competence as a determinant of conformity; (2) suspicion reduced conformity. 相似文献
92.
A field application of behavior modification studied the relative effectiveness of different prompting procedures for increasing the probability that customers entering a grocery store would select their soft drinks in returnable rather than nonreturnable containers. Six different 2-hr experimental conditions during which bottle purchases were recorded were (1) No Prompt (i.e., control), (2) one student gave incoming customers a handbill urging the purchase of soft drinks in returnable bottles, (3) distribution of the handbill by one student and public charting of each customer's bottle purchases by another student, (4) handbill distribution and charting by a five-member group, (5) handbills distributed and purchases charted by three females. The variant prompting techniques were equally effective, and in general increased the percentage of returnable-bottle customers by an average of 25%. 相似文献
93.
94.
Individual,family, and societal dimensions of genetic discrimination: A case study analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Geller LN Alper JS Billings PR Barash CI Beckwith J Natowicz MR 《Science and engineering ethics》1996,2(1):71-88
Background. As the development and use of genetic tests have increased, so have concerns regarding the uses of genetic information. Genetic
discrimination, the differential treatment of individuals based on real or perceived differences in their genomes, is a recently
described form of discrimination. The range and significance of experiences associated with this form of discrimination are
not yet well known and are investigated in this study.
Methods. Individuals at-risk to develop a genetic condition and parents of children with specific genetic conditions were surveyed
by questionnaire for reports of genetic discrimination. A total of 27,790 questionnaires were sent out by mail. Of 917 responses
received, 206 were followed up with telephone interviews. The responses were analyzed regarding circumstances of the alleged
discrimination, the institutions involved, issues relating to the redress of grievances, and strategies to avoid discrimination.
Results. A number of institutions were reported to have engaged in genetic discrimination including health and life insurance companies,
health care providers, blood banks, adoption agencies, the military, and schools. The alleged instances of discrimination
were against individuals who were asymptomatic and sometimes impacted on other asymptomatic relatives. Few surveyed respondents
knew of the existence of institutions such as state insurance commissions or the Medical Information Bureau, Inc., which may
play roles in redress of grievances or correction of misinformation.
Conclusions. Genetic discrimination is variable in form and cause and can have marked consequences for individuals experiencing discrimination
and their relatives. The presence of abnormal genes in all individuals makes each person a potential victim of this type of
discrimination. The increasing development and utilization of genetic tests will likely result in increased genetic discrimination
in the absence of contravening measures.
All authors contributed equally to this work.
This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy and funding from the Department of Mental Retardation
of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 相似文献
95.
A single-subject ABA reversal design was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of a limited 8-s safety belt reminder system and two modified reminder systems (a delayed and second reminder) to increase the safety belt use of 13 drivers. The research was conducted with a specially equipped research vehicle that permitted the manipulation of different safety belt reminder stimuli and the unobtrusive recording of a driver's belt use. For 2 subjects, the limited 8-s reminder increased safety belt use. For another 2 subjects, the second reminder markedly increased belt use. Some subjects were uninfluenced by the reminder systems presented; others always buckled up during both baseline and intervention conditions. The approach and results are discussed with regard to the application of behavior analysis methodologies (e.g., cumulative records) and principles (e.g., schedules of reinforcement) to advance the utility and investigation of safety belt reminder systems. 相似文献
96.
The buckle-up promise card: A versatile intervention for large-scale behavior change 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Geller ES 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1991,24(1):91-94
97.
E. Scott Geller Steven W. Clarke Michael J. Kalsher 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1991,24(1):65-72
The use of writing samples as indices of alcohol impairment was explored. Students at a campus fraternity party wrote a sentence and their signatures before and after consuming alcohol (in beer and mixed drinks). Later, undergraduate and graduate students attempted to discriminate between pre- and postparty handwriting samples. The average percentage of correct discriminations of entrance and exit writing samples was 83.7% for sentences and 67.5% for signatures, and the percentage of correct discriminations increased directly with the blood alcohol concentration of the partier who gave the writing sample. When a partier's blood alcohol concentration reached 0.15, all of the judges accurately discriminated 90% or more of the sentences, and 25 of the 28 judges correctly discriminated at least 80% of the signatures. All of the judges correctly discriminated at least 90% of the 18 sentences written by partiers with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.12 or more. Implications of these findings for reducing the risk of driving while intoxicated are discussed, as well as directions for follow-up research. 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
Irving Geller 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1964,7(5):345-349
The conditioned suppression technique (Estes and Skinner, 1941) was employed to study the effects of partial-shock reinforcement in the goldfish. Lever-pressing behavior of hungry goldfish was suppressed in the presence of a flashing light that had been previously paired with electric shocks. Fish that acquired the suppression under 50% and 100% shock-reinforcement, respectively, were subjected to repeated presentations of the flashing light alone. This procedure revealed a more rapid extinction of the suppressed behavior in the 50% than in the 100% shocked group. The finding was compared with those from other experiments and possible reasons for the differences were examined. 相似文献