简论中国管理哲学的对象和范围

时代呼唤中国管理哲学,时代需要中国管理哲学。那么,如何研究中国管理哲学呢?这是中国现代社会和市场经济提出的时代课题。20世纪80年代以来,中国学术界和企业界都在热烈地探讨这一问题。而要回答这一时代课题,我认为必须解决三个理论问题:一是中国管理哲学的研究对象;二是中国管理哲学的研究范围;三是如何科学地建构中国管理哲学。实际上,这是三个相互联系,密不可分的问题。一管理哲学的研究对象,说到底是对管理的本质的理解。从中西方对管理的本质的不同理解可以确定中国管理哲学的对象。在西方管理学界,管理的本质的最具权威的定义要数法…     

按键位置对手机键盘拇指操作绩效的影响

本研究假设对于同样的手机键盘操作任务,手机各按键的位置不同,在操作绩效上存在差异。该研究实验从被试的客观操作绩效(反应时和正确率)和主观满意度评价两方面证实了该假设的成立:在保持被试自然姿势操作手机键盘的情况下,各按键在手机键盘中的位置确实对操作工效有较大影响。     

Development of Recognition of Face Parts from Unfamiliar Faces

The present study examined developmental changes in the ability to recognize face parts. In Experiment 1, participants were familiarized with whole faces and given a recognition test with old and new eyes, noses, mouths, inner faces, outer faces, or whole faces. Adults were above chance in their recognition of the eye and mouth regions. However, children did not naturally encode and recognize face parts independently of the entire face. In addition, all age groups showed comparable inner and outer face recognition, except for 8‐ to 9‐year‐olds who showed a recognition advantage for outer faces. In Experiment 2, when participants were familiarized with eyes, noses, or mouths and tested with eyes, noses, or mouths, respectively, all ages showed above‐chance recognition of eyes and mouths. Thirteen‐ to 14‐year‐olds were adult‐like in their recognition of the eye region, but mouth recognition continued to develop beyond 14 years of age. Nose recognition was above chance among 13‐ to 14‐year‐olds, but recognition scores remained low even in adulthood. The present findings reveal unique developmental trajectories in the use of isolated facial regions in face recognition and suggest that featural cues (as a class) have a different ontogenetic course relative to holistic and configural cues. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

5岁儿童对熟悉面孔的特征信息识别

关于儿童面孔认知的已有研究大多未曾控制好实验材料的熟悉度。研究选用10个同班同学的面孔作为材料,考察了5岁儿童对熟悉面孔的识别特点。结果发现,5岁儿童能准确辨认同伴的面孔。依赖面孔的部分信息(内、外轮廓)甚至单一部件(眼睛),儿童辨认同伴面孔的成绩就可以高于随机水平。儿童的面孔识别模式和成人相似,辨认内轮廓的绩效高于外轮廓,眼睛的绩效高于鼻子和嘴巴。儿童识别自我面孔的模式和成人相反,辨认他人面孔的成绩好于辨认自我面孔。实验证明熟悉度是影响儿童面孔识别绩效的重要因素。     

浅谈对“五戒”的认识和意义

道教戒律是道教徒植福修因之慧炬,登真入道之慈航。是道教徒的道德规范,行为准则。故学道之士莫不持戒精严以积功累行。三洞诸经中说戒甚多:有《初真戒》、《三皈依戒》、《中极三百大戒》、《积功归根五戒》、《天仙大戒》……这些戒律皆为前贤祖师所授。对道教弟子的言行举止作了严格的规定和详细说明。上述戒律中《积功归根五戒》:“一、不得杀生;二、不得荤酒;三、不得妄言绮语、口是心非;四、不得偷盗;五、不得邪淫”,是每一位玄门弟子必须遵守的最基本的戒律之一。《老君戒经》曰:是五戒者,持身之本,持法之根。凡能持此五戒精进无虞者…     

"儿童对主观世界认识的发展"研究的热点

“儿童对主观世界认识的发展”研究经历了三次浪潮,第一次是以Piaget为代表的“自我中心主义的学说”;第二次是20世纪70年代兴起的“元记忆“的研究;第三次是20世纪80年代初兴起的“心理理论”的研究。本文分析了当前就“儿童对主观世界认识的发展”两大研究热点：元记忆和心理理论的研究。文章对元记忆和心理理论这两次研究浪潮的历史渊源、发展现状、相互之问的关系进行了剖析,特别对其分离与统合的现状进行了介绍,并对将来的研究进行了展望。     

A standardised database of Chinese emotional film clips

Film clips are widely used in emotion research due to their relatively high ecological validity. Although researchers have established various film clip sets for different cultures, the few that exist related to Chinese culture do not adequately address positive emotions. The main purposes of the present study were to establish a standardised database of Chinese emotional film clips that could elicit more categories of reported positive emotions compared to the existing databases and to expand the available film clips that can be used as neutral materials. Two experiments were conducted to construct the database. In experiment 1, 111 film clips were selected from more than one thousand Chinese movies for preliminary screening. After 315 participants viewed and evaluated these film clips, 39 excerpts were selected for further validation. In experiment 2, 147 participants watched and rated these 39 film clips, as well as another 8 excerpts chosen from the existing databases, to compare their validity. Eventually, 22 film excerpts that successfully evoked three positive emotions (joy, amusement, and tenderness), four negative emotions (moral disgust, anger, fear, and sadness), and neutrality formed the standardised database of Chinese emotional film clips.     

道德具身认知的理论研究*

具身认知作为一种新兴思潮,强调身体经验及身体与环境的相互作用对于个体抽象概念及认知的作用。从具身认知的角度出发,考察身体和道德认知加工的关系已成为现今道德心理学和神经科学的研究热点。本文结合以往道德具身认知研究,介绍了概念隐喻理论、知觉符号理论、模拟感觉运动隐喻理论和进化理论四种道德具身认知理论,讨论并分析了现有理论研究中存在的矛盾与问题。未来的研究可在多文化背景下进行,并依靠认知神经科学技术对道德的具身认知机制进行更深入的探究。     

小学儿童在不同刺激材料中的左右空间方位传递性推理能力及策略分析

采用定性和定量相结合的研究方法,从图形刺激材料和文字刺激材料入手,探查了7岁、9岁、11岁儿童的一维空间方位传递性推理能力的发展水平及其认知策略。主要研究结果表明:(1)小学儿童的一维空间方位传递性推理能力从7岁到9岁,从9岁到11岁都有显著性提高。7岁儿童处于能力的初步形成期,9岁儿童是能力的提高和发展期,11岁儿童已基本具有了一维空间方位单模型条件下的传递性推理能力;(2)小学儿童在图形刺激材料条件下的推理成绩显著优于文字刺激材料条件下的推理成绩;(3)前提数量的增加没有对小学儿童的推理造成显著性影响;(4)随着儿童年龄的增长,模型建构策略的使用者越来越多,但在图形刺激材料和文字刺激材料下,儿童解决问题的策略有所不同。在图形刺激材料下,大部分7岁和9岁的儿童采用知觉策略,11岁儿童中只有少部分人使用这一策略。在文字刺激材料下,模型建构策略是儿童推理的主要策略。少部分7岁儿童使用模型建构策略,大部分9岁儿童和绝大部分11岁儿童使用模型建构策略来解决问题。