立体视觉研究中心理物理学和生理学实验的系统及其方法

双眼立体视觉涉及复杂的神经机制,因此在研究这个问题时,一般只能从某一侧面或某种方法入手,本文重点研究采用计算机控制的多功能刺激图形的产生及其在心理物理学研究中的效果,同时介绍了一种可以广泛用于立体视觉研究中的多功能刺激图形发生系统的工作原理和结构设计。     

学前儿童对时距的估计及其策略

该研究旨在探查学前儿童对时距的认识过程及其认识策略。使用2秒、4秒、6秒、8秒四种不同的时间间隔作为刺激物,在每次呈现之后要求儿童按键再现时距。5岁和6岁的学前儿童参加这一实验。主要结果表明:5、6岁儿童已能区分只有几秒钟差异的单一时距;在无声音参照条件下,他们对4秒钟的估计较为准确,而在有声音参照条件下,5岁儿童则对6秒钟的估计更趋准确。研究材料还证实了,儿童从5岁起初步能够使用时间标尺,开始把时间看成是可以计数的维量。     

儿童学习时间分配决策能力发展的研究进展

学习时间分配的研究进行了将近40年,而对儿童学习时间分配的发展研究也走过了近40年的历史。从最初的他控步调的学习到后来的自控步调的学习,从关注学习材料的难度这一外部线索到关注学习者内部的活动机制,从讨论学习时间分配活动本身到探讨影响学习时间分配发展的各种因素,对于学习时间分配发展的研究始终在不断深入。文章从上述视角,对学习时间分配的新近研究进行了总结。并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望。     

不同时间限制下小学儿童学习时间分配决策水平的发展

采用3×3二因素混合实验设计,利用计算机呈现刺激并记录被试的反应,以语意联系密切程度不同的词对作为难易不同的材料,借助线索回忆作为提取方式,利用四项研究分别探查小学儿童在短时限、中等时限和无时限三种时间限制下,学习时间分配的发展特点和趋势。得到如下结论：（1）小学各阶段儿童在学习过程中,主动进行了学习时间分配的决策。（2）儿童学习时间分配的决策水平随年龄增长而提高。（3）不同的时间限制难度不同,儿童在不同的难度任务下选择了不同的掌握标准,进行了不同的时间分配,支持了“标准影响分配假说”。（4）随着年龄增长,儿童的提取正确率有增加的趋势,时限越长,提取正确率越高。     

罗尔斯的公平正义观真的反对后果主义吗?

<正>罗尔斯在《正义论》中所提出的公平正义观对当代政治哲学产生了极大的影响,连其理论的主要反对者诺齐克都说:"《正义论》是自约翰.斯图尔特.密尔的著作以来所仅见的一部有力的、深刻的、精巧的、论述宽广和系统的政治和道德哲学著作……政治哲学家们现在必须要么在罗尔斯的框架内工作,要么解释不这么做的原因。"(诺齐克,1990年,第187页)罗尔斯在《正义论》中提出:"我的目的是确定一个能够代替一般的功利主义、从而也能代替它的各种变化形式的作为一种选择对象的正义论。"(罗尔斯,2009年,第18页。下引罗尔斯文献仅注年份和页码)他在书中采用的     

A mediating role for anticipated regret in predicting retirement savings intention between groups with (without) past behaviour

A recent global trend has been the shifting of responsibility for retirement income planning from the public purse to individuals, with an associated encouragement to contribute more to retirement savings. This research investigated the influence of anticipated regret on the intention to make extra voluntary retirement savings. Results revealed that anticipated regret plays a powerful affective role in the formation of behavioural intention by conveying the influence of attitude and subjective norm to intention. Implications of the results with respect to possible interventions relating to behaviour change are considered.     

抑郁症:一种进化心理学的视角

探讨了抑郁症的进化机制。由进化机制支配的依恋和社会地位行为可能是某些严重抑郁症的基础,尤其是与长期压力相关的抑郁症。虽然抑郁症有不同的性质,但某些核心症状是为了调节行为、情绪以及传达对威胁的敏感性而进化形成的,如行为退缩、低自尊、快感丧失等。     

Effects of music on memory for text

Previous research has suggested that the use of song can facilitate recall of text. This study examined the effect of repetition of a melody across verses, familiarity with the melody, rhythm, and other structural processing hypotheses to explain this phenomenon. Two experiments were conducted, each with 100 participants recruited from undergraduate Psychology programs (44 men, 156 women, M age = 28.5 yr., SD = 9.4). In Exp. 1, participants learned a four-verse ballad in one of five encoding conditions (familiar melody, unfamiliar melody, unknown rhythm, known rhythm, and spoken). Exp. 2 assessed the effect of familiarity in rhythm-only conditions and of pre-exposure with a previously unfamiliar melody. Measures taken were number of verbatim words recalled and number of lines produced with correct syllabic structure. Analysis indicated that rhythm, with or without musical accompaniment, can facilitate recall of text, suggesting that rhythm may provide a schematic frame to which text can be attached. Similarly, familiarity with the rhythm or melody facilitated recall. Findings are discussed in terms of integration and dual-processing theories.     

Bridging the divide: openness in adoption and postadoption psychosocial adjustment among birth and adoptive parents

Using 323 matched parties of birth mothers and adoptive parents, this study examined the association between the degree of adoption openness (e.g., contact and knowledge between parties) and birth and adoptive parents' postadoption adjustment shortly after the adoption placement (6 to 9 months). Data from birth fathers (N = 112), an understudied sample, were also explored. Openness was assessed by multiple informants. Results indicated that openness was significantly related to satisfaction with adoption process among adoptive parents and birth mothers. Increased openness was positively associated with birth mothers' postplacement adjustment, as indexed by birth mothers' self-reports and the interviewers' impression of birth mothers' adjustment. Birth fathers' report of openness was associated with their greater satisfaction with the adoption process and better postadoption adjustment.