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131.
The negative compatibility effect (NCE) is the surprising result that low-visibility prime arrows facilitate responses to
opposite-direction target arrows. Here we compare the priming obtained with simple arrows to the priming of emotions when
categorizing human faces, which represents a more naturalistic set of stimuli and for which there are no preexisting response
biases. When inverted faces with neutral expressions were presented alongside emotional prime and target faces, only strong
positive priming occurred. However, when the neutral faces were made to resemble the target faces in geometry (upright orientation),
time (flashing briefly), and space (appearing in the same location), positive priming gradually weakened and became negative
priming. Implications for theories of the NCE are discussed. 相似文献
132.
Paul Bennett 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2009,3(6):939-948
Health screening involves the early identification of risk factors for disease or early‐stage disease. There is clear evidence of a health benefit following many screening programs. However, these programs may also contribute to significant psychological distress in a significant minority of vulnerable individuals. This paper considers the impact of screening in relation to breast cancer, focusing on assessment of genetic risk for breast cancer and mammography. It then reviews how these programs presently try to minimize any distress among participants before examining how health and clinical psychological theory can contribute to the development of new interventions, focusing on the use of cognitive challenge and teaching appropriate emotion‐focused coping strategies such as mindfulness and distraction. Future research developments are then addressed. 相似文献
133.
Bennett J. Tepper Jon C. Carr Denise M. Breaux Sharon Geider Changya Hu Wei Hua 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2009,109(2):156-167
We conducted a two-study examination of relationships between abusive supervision and subordinates’ workplace deviance. Consistent with predictions derived from power/dependence theory, the results of a cross-sectional study with employees from three organizations suggest that abusive supervision is more strongly associated with subordinates’ organization deviance and supervisor-directed deviance when subordinates’ intention to quit is higher. The results also support the prediction that when intention to quit is higher, abusive supervision is more strongly associated with supervisor-directed deviance than with organization-directed deviance. These results were replicated in a second study, a two-wave investigation of people employed in a variety of industries and occupations. 相似文献
134.
Shira A. Bennett J. Gayle Beck Joshua D. Clapp 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(12):1018-1023
Several models of PTSD suggest that dysfunctional beliefs play an important role in the maintenance of PTSD. This study examined whether thought control strategies intermediated in the relationship between PTSD and dysfunctional cognitions. It was hypothesized that PTSD would be positively associated with dysfunctional cognitions and that negative thought control strategies (worry and self-punishment) would partially account for this relationship. These maladaptive strategies were predicted to be associated with increased levels of PTSD and more trauma-related beliefs. Additionally, it was predicted that positive thought control strategies (social control and reappraisal) would be associated with decreased levels of PTSD and fewer trauma-related beliefs. Finally, because the literature supports distraction as both an adaptive and a maladaptive thought control strategy, no a priori hypothesis was made. Results support worry and self-punishment as maladaptive intervening variables in the association between PTSD and dysfunctional cognitions, resulting in greater levels of PTSD and trauma cognitions. Social control and distraction emerged as adaptive strategies, resulting in lower levels of PTSD and trauma cognitions, while reappraisal showed no relationship with PTSD severity. Although the results are cross-sectional, continued focus on the effects of thought control strategies as meditational maintenance variables over time appears warranted. 相似文献
135.
Sarah E. Trosper Brian A. Buzzella Shannon M. Bennett Jill T. Ehrenreich 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(3):234-254
Given the relationship between internalizing disorders and deficits in emotion regulation in youth, the emotion science literature
has suggested several avenues for increasing the efficacy of interventions for youth presenting with anxiety and depression.
These possibilities include the identification and addition of emotion-regulation skills to existing treatment packages and
broadening the scope of those emotions addressed in cognitive-behavioral treatments. Current emotion-focused interventions
designed to meet one or both of these goals are discussed, and the developmental influences relevant to the selection of emotion-focused
treatment goals are explored using the framework of a modal model of emotion regulation. These various lines of evidence are
woven together to support the utility of a novel emotion-focused, cognitive-behavioral intervention, the Unified Protocol
for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth, a transdiagnostic treatment protocol that aims to treat the range of emotional
disorders (i.e., anxiety and depression) simultaneously. Avenues for future directions in treatment outcome and assessment
of emotion regulation are also discussed. 相似文献
136.
I report the results of two studies that explored relationships between employees' justice perceptions and their psychological well-being. In both studies, the main and interactive effects of distributive justice and procedural justice accounted for significant, unique variance in employees' psychological distress. Consistent with predictions derived from a framework that integrates stress and coping theory with justice theory, relationships between procedural justice and psychological distress were stronger when distributive justice was lower. I discuss theoretical implications for the organizational justice literature and identify the studies' limitations and practical implications. 相似文献
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140.
C. J. Davis Donald A. Williamson Anthony J. Goreczny Sandra M. Bennett 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1989,11(1):61-69
In the recent revision of the DSM-III, the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa includes the criterion of persistent overconcern with body shape and weight, which may be conceptualized as a form of body-image disturbance. The new diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa include only those who exhibit a binge-purge eating patern, excluding binge-eaters who, in the older DSM-III, receive a diagnosis of bulimia. This study was conducted to investigate body-image disturbances in bulimia nervosa and simple bulimia (i.e., binge-eating without purging). The experimental design included two control groups, obese and normal subjects, in order to determine whether the binge-eater had body-image disturbances different form those of normal and overweight samples. The study evaluated 596 subjects (417 normals, 109 bulimia nervosa subjects, 50 binge-eaters, and 30 obese subjects) in terms of perception of current body size and selection of ideal body size. Results indicated that the bulimia nervosa group selected a current body size larger than that selected by normals and an ideal body size smaller than that chosen by normals. However, bingeeaters did not differ from the obese control group on either current or ideal body size. These results are discussed in terms of the recent debate regarding the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and sociocultural influences upon body-image disturbances. 相似文献