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921.
The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: scientific advances and future directions 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The prevalence and cost of chronic pain is a major physical and mental health care problem in the United States today. As a result, there has been a recent explosion of research on chronic pain, with significant advances in better understanding its etiology, assessment, and treatment. The purpose of the present article is to provide a review of the most noteworthy developments in the field. The biopsychosocial model is now widely accepted as the most heuristic approach to chronic pain. With this model in mind, a review of the basic neuroscience processes of pain (the bio part of biopsychosocial), as well as the psychosocial factors, is presented. This spans research on how psychological and social factors can interact with brain processes to influence health and illness as well as on the development of new technologies, such as brain imaging, that provide new insights into brain-pain mechanisms. 相似文献
922.
Despite the substantial interest in memory for complex pictorial stimuli, there has been virtually no research comparing memory
for static scenes with that for their moving counterparts. We report that both monochrome and color moving images are better
remembered than static versions of the same stimuli at retention intervals up to one month. When participants studied a sequence
of still images, recognition performance was the same as that for single static images. These results are discussed within
a theoretical framework which draws upon previous studies of scene memory, face recognition, and representational momentum. 相似文献
923.
Eva Schoen Elizabeth M. Altmaier Benjamin Tallman 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(2):123-129
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an invasive and taxing treatment for certain cancers. This study investigated the psychological
constructs of optimism and dispositional coping and their relative predictive role for situational coping. Participants were
85 cancer patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of T-cell depletion for prevention of graft-versus-host disease
(GVHD) who completed baseline and 1-year interviews. Results of simultaneous regression analyses showed that optimism did
not predict situational instrumental or palliative coping strategies but was negatively predictive of situational avoidant
coping. Each of the three situational coping strategies was most strongly predicted by the corresponding dispositional coping
strategy.
This research was sponsored by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: N01-HB-47095, N01-HB-47097, N01-HB-47094 and
N01-HB-47098. 相似文献
924.
Pablo Briñol Richard E. Petty Benjamin Wagner 《European journal of social psychology》2009,39(6):1053-1064
Building on the notion of embodied attitudes, we examined how body postures can influence self‐evaluations by affecting thought confidence, a meta‐cognitive process. Specifically, participants were asked to think about and write down their best or worse qualities while they were sitting down with their back erect and pushing their chest out (confident posture) or slouched forward with their back curved (doubtful posture). Then, participants completed a number of measures and reported their self‐evaluations. In line with the self‐validation hypothesis, we predicted and found that the effect of the direction of thoughts (positive/negative) on self‐related attitudes was significantly greater when participants wrote their thoughts in the confident than in the doubtful posture. These postures did not influence the number or quality of thoughts listed, but did have an impact on the confidence with which people held their thoughts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
925.
Mace FC McComas JJ Mauro BC Progar PR Taylor B Ervin R Zangrillo AN 《The Behavior analyst / MABA》2009,32(2):293-300
We summarize a series of bidirectional research studies that demonstrate the persistence-strengthening effects of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior on problem behavior. We model a possible solution to this problem with rats followed by replication with a human clinical population. The importance of coordinated basic and applied research to stimulate new behavioral technologies is emphasized. 相似文献
926.
927.
Michael C. Anderson Benjamin J. Levy 《Current directions in psychological science》2009,18(4):189-194
ABSTRACT— When reminded of something we would prefer not to think about, we often try to exclude the unwanted memory from awareness. Recent research indicates that people control unwanted memories by stopping memory retrieval, using mechanisms similar to those used to stop reflexive motor responses. Controlling unwanted memories is implemented by the lateral prefrontal cortex, which acts to reduce activity in the hippocampus, thereby impairing retention of those memories. Individual differences in the efficacy of these systems may underlie variation in how well people control intrusive memories and adapt in the aftermath of trauma. This research supports the existence of an active forgetting process and establishes a neurocognitive model for inquiry into motivated forgetting. 相似文献
928.
Afroditi Pina Theresa A. Gannon Benjamin Saunders 《Aggression and violent behavior》2009,14(2):126-138
Sexual harassment has been recognized as a serious problem in the literature over the past 30 years. In this paper, we review the existing research surrounding the phenomenon of sexual harassment, paying particular attention to factors of relevance for understanding perpetrators of sexual harassment. We also provide an overview of the perplexing nature of sexual harassment and the various concerns that have surrounded the topic leading to its recognition. The different theoretical perspectives and models of sexual harassment (sociocultural, organizational, sex-role spillover, natural/biological, socio-cognitive, and four-factor) are also considered and reviewed. Finally, lack of empirical evidence and focus on assessment and treatment for harassers is recognized in this paper, and several suggestions are made for future research and treatment avenues relating to the sexual harasser. 相似文献
929.
Jonathan A. Farrimond Andrew J. Hill Nicholas A. Jones Gary J. Stephens Benjamin J. Whalley Claire M. Williams 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(2):446-451
We have designed and implemented a low-cost digital system using closed-circuit television cameras coupled to a digital acquisition
system for the recording of in vivo behavioral data in rodents and for allowing observation and recording of more than 10
animals simultaneously at a reduced cost, as compared with commercially available solutions. This system has been validated
using two experimental rodent models: one involving chemically induced seizures and one assessing appetite and feeding. We
present observational results showing comparable or improved levels of accuracy and observer consistency between this new
system and traditional methods in these experimental models, discuss advantages of the presented system over conventional
analog systems and commercially available digital systems, and propose possible extensions to the system and applications
to nonrodent studies. 相似文献
930.
The habitual action perspective suggests that where transport users have strong travel choice habits, motivation will have no effect on behaviour. This has commonly been demonstrated in situations where travel habits and intentions conflict, but in stable decision settings intentions and habits will correspond. This paper reports two studies which demonstrate the moderating effect of habit on the intention–behaviour relationship within established commuting contexts. Results illustrate how motivational accounts of travel behaviour may be misleading if statistical significance of correlational data is the main criterion for model acceptance. Alternative methods for theory testing are discussed, and strategies for disrupting driving habits reviewed. 相似文献