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871.
Benjamin?J.?RothEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Breanne?Grace 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2018,19(4):1075-1093
A growing number of Latino immigrants are settling in immigrant new destinations with restrictive anti-immigrant policies. Poverty and legal status create obstacles to social and economic inclusion in these places. Theoretically, local social service providers are in a structural position to ameliorate these obstacles, but the localized nature of service delivery in the USA requires that immigrants physically travel to access these supports. A growing literature on new destinations has begun to identify barriers to inclusion in immigrant new destinations, but few have explored how local mainstream social service providers are developing strategies to address these concerns. Building on the immigrant new destinations literature and the expansion of immigration enforcement to these areas, this qualitative study examines barriers to services in South Carolina from the perspective of local organizations. In-depth interviews with leaders from 50 direct service providers yield several themes related to structural barriers and organizational strategies to respond to these barriers. Cutting across these themes are limitations imposed by state-level policies and the impact of social exclusion due to marginalized legal status. We discuss the implications of this context for social service providers and the social inclusion of low-income Latino immigrants in South Carolina. 相似文献
872.
Previous research has shown that the validation of incoming information during language comprehension is a fast, efficient, and routine process (epistemic monitoring). Previous research on this topic has focused on epistemic monitoring during reading. The present study extended this research by investigating epistemic monitoring of audiovisual information. In a Stroop-like paradigm, participants (Experiment 1: adults; Experiment 2: 10-year-old children) responded to the probe words correct and false by keypress after the presentation of auditory assertions that could be either true or false with respect to concurrently presented pictures. Results provide evidence for routine validation of audiovisual information. Moreover, the results show a stronger and more stable interference effect for children compared with adults. 相似文献
873.
Jeffrey A. Hayes Allison J. Lockard Rebecca A. Janis Benjamin D. Locke 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2016,29(4):405-422
Interest has been growing in the mental health benefits of self-compassion. Whereas, most research on this topic has been conducted with the 26-item Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), a briefer 12-item version of the instrument, the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), also exists. The SCS-SF has demonstrated good validity and reliability in non-clinical samples, but it has not been used often in research with psychotherapy clients. This study was designed to examine the factor structure and construct validity of the SCS-SF in a clinical population. Data for this study were collected from 1609 college students receiving services at 10 campus counseling centers. The previously proposed factor structure of the SCS-SF was not supported. Instead, analyses revealed two factors, Self Care and Self Disparagement. Evidence for the construct validity of these factors was found via expected relationships with indices of depression, anxiety, social anxiety, hostility, academic distress, eating concerns, family distress, maladaptive perfectionism, suicidality, self-injurious behavior, and social support. SCS-SF scores were unrelated to various measures of substance use. Implications for clinical work and future research are discussed. 相似文献
874.
Retrieving a subset of items from memory can cause forgetting of other items in memory, a phenomenon referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). Individuals who exhibit greater amounts of RIF have been shown to also exhibit superior working memory capacity (WMC) and faster stop-signal reaction times (SSRTs), results which have been interpreted as suggesting that RIF reflects an inhibitory process that is mediated by the processes of executive control. Across four experiments, we sought to further elucidate this issue by manipulating the way in which participants retrieved items during retrieval practice and examining how the resulting effects of forgetting correlated with WMC (Experiments 1–3) and SSRT (Experiment 4). Significant correlations were observed when participants retrieved items from an earlier study phase (within-list retrieval practice), but not when participants generated items from semantic memory (extra-list retrieval practice). These results provide important new insight into the role of executive-control processes in RIF. 相似文献
875.
Abhik Roy Michele Pallai Benjamin Lebwohl Annette K. Taylor Peter H. Green 《Journal of genetic counseling》2016,25(2):270-278
HLA molecular typing for celiac disease (CD) is a genetic test with a high negative predictive value. The aim of this study is to explore knowledge of and attitudes towards genetic testing (GT). A 25-item questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team and distributed to members of CD support groups across the United States. Respondents (n?=?1835) were mainly female (88 %), married (76 %), and college-educated (55 %), with a median age range of 31–50 years. Those who were married (82 vs 75 %, p?=?0.002), had children (82 vs 74 %, p?<?0.001), and had pursued education beyond high school (81 vs 68 %, p?=?0.004) were more likely to be aware of the availability of GT. On multivariable analysis, adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, region of residence, and having children, college-education (OR 2.05, 95 % CI: 1.33–3.16) and having children (OR 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.15–2.11) remained significant predictors of GT awareness. A majority of patients with a personal or family history of CD planned GT for their children, and the most common concerns regarding GT were cost and impact on health care and/or insurance. In conclusion, awareness of GT is high among CD support group members. Efforts should be made to increase knowledge of GT in those with a lower educational level, and healthcare professionals should attempt to address concerns regarding GT cost and the impact of results on health care and insurance status. 相似文献
876.
Benjamin van Buren Stefan Uddenberg Brian J. Scholl 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2016,23(3):797-802
Visual processing recovers not only simple features, such as color and shape, but also seemingly higher-level properties, such as animacy. Indeed, even abstract geometric shapes are readily perceived as intentional agents when they move in certain ways, and such percepts can dramatically influence behavior. In the wolfpack effect, for example, subjects maneuver a disc around a display in order to avoid several randomly moving darts. When the darts point toward the disc, subjects (falsely) perceive that the darts are chasing them, and this impairs several types of visuomotor performance. Are such effects reflexive, automatic features of visual processing? Or might they instead arise only as contingent strategies in tasks in which subjects must interact with (and thus focus on the features of) such objects? We explored these questions in an especially direct way—by embedding such displays into the background of a completely independent “foraging” task. Subjects now moved their disc to collect small “food” dots (which appeared sequentially in random locations) as quickly as possible. The darts were task-irrelevant, and subjects were encouraged to ignore them. Nevertheless, foraging was impaired when the randomly moving darts pointed at the subjects’ disc, as compared to control conditions in which they were either oriented orthogonally to the subjects’ disc or pointed at another moving shape—thereby controlling for nonsocial factors. The perception of animacy thus influences downstream visuomotor behavior in an automatic manner, such that subjects cannot completely override the influences of seemingly animate shapes even while attempting to ignore them. 相似文献
877.
Benjamin Priest 《Psychodynamic Practice》2016,22(3):209-222
This paper is an attempt to explore J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye (1951/1958) in relation to Winnicott’s theories of adolescent development, also with regard to psychodynamic theories of symbolism, mourning, defence mechanisms and containment. I consider the significance of the novel’s protagonist and narrator Holden Caulfield. What is the reason for the enduring popularity of his voice and its influence on the tone of subsequent adolescent literature? To answer this question, I examine the role this iconic, troubled character may play in the development of the adolescent reader. 相似文献
878.
Rachel F. L. Diamond Tara S. Stoinski Jennifer L. Mickelberg Benjamin M. Basile Regina Paxton Gazes Victoria L. Templer Robert R. Hampton 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2016,105(1):100-110
Many species classify images according to visual attributes. In pigeons, local features may disproportionately control classification, whereas in primates global features may exert greater control. In the absence of explicitly comparative studies, in which different species are tested with the same stimuli under similar conditions, it is not possible to determine how much of the variation in the control of classification is due to species differences and how much is due to differences in the stimuli, training, or testing conditions. We tested rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii) in identical tests in which images were modified to determine which stimulus features controlled classification. Monkeys and orangutans were trained to classify full color images of birds, fish, flowers, and people; they were later given generalization tests in which images were novel, black and white, black and white line drawings, or scrambled. Classification in these primate species was controlled by multiple stimulus attributes, both global and local, and the species behaved similarly. 相似文献
879.
880.