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The Theory of Planned Behavior: Some Measurement Issues Concerning Belief-Based Variables 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The theory of planned behavior presents clear operational definitions of attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and each of their corresponding belief-based measures. Theoretically, the direct and indirect measures of a given construct must be closely correlated. Empirical results, however, indicate that this is not always the case. In the present study, 2 of the factors that could be responsible for this situation-namely, the scaling of the variables defining each belief-based construct and the adequacy of using an expectancy-value model within the belief-based measures-were verified among a data set of 16 studies concerned with the application of the theory of planned behavior to the field of health. The results indicate that the scaling method used affected the correlation coefficients between indirect and direct measures. However, the face validity of these scaling methods must be demonstrated. The results also support the idea that, in most cases, using the expectancy-value model is no better than using only one arm of the belief-based measure. 相似文献
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ObjectivesDespite the benefits associated with exercise during pregnancy, many expectant mothers are inactive.DesignThe present study examined whether persuasive messages could influence task and scheduling self-efficacy, exercise intention, action plans, and behavioral commitment among pregnant women.MethodsAfter completing premanipulation task and scheduling self-efficacy and exercise intention measures, participants (n = 125) were randomly assigned to read one of four efficacy-enhancing messages: scheduling, task, combined scheduling/task, or control. Postmanipulation task and scheduling self-efficacy, intentions and action plans and behavioral commitment were then assessed.ResultsRepeated-measures ANOVAs revealed that compared to the control group, inactive participants who read the persuasive messages reported significant increases in scheduling self-efficacy, task self-efficacy, and intention from premanipulation to postmanipulation as well significantly stronger action plans.ConclusionsWritten persuasive messages may promote exercise behavior during pregnancy by increasing scheduling and task self-efficacy, intention, and action plans for exercise. 相似文献
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Laurence Guillaumie Gaston Godin Jean-Claude Manderscheid Elisabeth Spitz Laurent Muller 《Psychology & health》2013,28(1):30-50
This study tested the effect of interventions designed for people who do not eat yet the recommended daily fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) but have a positive intention to do so. Adults (N?=?163) aged 20–65 were randomised into four groups: implementation intentions (II group), self-efficacy (SE group), combination of II?+?SE group) and a control group receiving written information on nutrition. Study variables were measured at baseline, post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. At follow-up, compared to the control group, FVI increased significantly in the II and II?+?SE groups (1.5 and 1.9 servings per day, respectively). Most psychosocial variables significantly increased compared to the control group, with the exception of SE for vegetable intake (VI). Moreover, at 3-month follow-up, change in FVI was mediated by changes in fruit intake (FI) intention and VI action planning. In conclusion, II interventions were efficient to increase FVI, with or without consideration for the development of SE. Thus, future studies should favour the adoption of this approach to bridge the intention–behaviour gap for FVI. 相似文献
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Negative psychological states such as depression, fatigue and anxiety are experienced by many women during pregnancy. This study examined whether engaging in an exercise programme during pregnancy is associated with improvements in psychological well-being among previously inactive women (n?=?56, M age?=?30.34, SD?=?4.57; M weeks pregnant?=?22.58, SD?=?5.32). Participants completed the Profile of Mood States–Short Form and State Trait Anxiety Scale-Trait version at baseline and after four weeks of exercise. Exercise was assessed using accelerometers and these data were used to determine bouts of 30-min of moderate-to-vigorous exercise. Factorial repeated measures ANOVAs demonstrated that participants who met Canadian guidelines for exercise during pregnancy at week four (n?=?17) experienced significant decreases in depression (p?=?.004, η2?=?.13), anger (p?=?.03, η2?=?.08), tension (p?=?.03, η2?=?.08), fatigue (p?=?.01, η2?=?.10), trait anxiety (p?=?.01, η2?=?.12) and increases in vigour (p?=?.001, η2?=?.19) compared to those who were not meeting guidelines (n?=?39). From a psychological health perspective, these findings highlight the importance of continuing to promote exercise during pregnancy. 相似文献
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The management and treatment of mentally disordered offenders is significantly hindered by our lack of detailed knowledge of this population. The present investigation attempted to identify five groups of male, mentally disordered offenders that are distinctive with respect to treatment needs: career criminals, chronic schizophrenics, violent psychotics, violent middleclass individuals, and intellectually handicapped subjects. It was hypothesized that patterns of recidivism and relapse would be different for each of these groups. A sample of 181 males previously judged unfit to stand trial or not guilty by reason of insanity were followed for an average of 6.1 years after discharge to the community. Factors relating to recidivism but not to relapse were found to distinguish the five groups. 相似文献
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Les AA. présentent les premiers résultats d'une étude interculturelle en cours sur le contenu des abécédaires. Le contenu des abécédaires peut être étudié sous deux angles : (1) dans sa fonction pédagogique (comment il influe sur L'apprentissage de la lecture); (2) dans sa fonction sociale (comment il communique et fait comprendre les valeurs et attitudes propres à un pays). Dans cette seconde perspective, on compare les abécédaires de cinq pays (Angleterre, Allemagne de L'Ouest, Etats-Unis, Russie, Corée du Sud) en utilisant des échelles d'attitude qui ont été appliquées à la fois aux images et aux textes dans leur traduction anglaise. On constate que sur 38 types d'attitudes, 17 présentent des différences importantes quant à la fréquence d'évocation dans les livres des cinq pays étudiés. On établit pour chaque pays un profil d'attitude, ce qui permet de mettre en évidence les différences et les ressemblances d'un pays à L'autre. Les conclusions ont été comparées aux résultats d'autres recherches interculturelles. Les AA. expriment le souhait que L'étude des attitudes et valeurs sociales donne lieu, avec ce type de méthode, à une vaste coopération internationale. 相似文献
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Gaston Saux Anne Britt Ludovic Le Bigot Nicolas Vibert Debora Burin Jean-François Rouet 《Memory & cognition》2017,45(1):151-167
According to the documents model framework (Britt, Perfetti, Sandak, & Rouet, 1999), readers’ detection of contradictions within texts increases their integration of source–content links (i.e., who says what). This study examines whether conflict may also strengthen the relationship between the respective sources. In two experiments, participants read brief news reports containing two critical statements attributed to different sources. In half of the reports, the statements were consistent with each other, whereas in the other half they were discrepant. Participants were tested for source memory and source integration in an immediate item-recognition task (Experiment 1) and a cued recall task (Experiments 1 and 2). In both experiments, discrepancies increased readers’ memory for sources. We found that discrepant sources enhanced retrieval of the other source compared to consistent sources (using a delayed recall measure; Experiments 1 and 2). However, discrepant sources failed to prime the other source as evidenced in an online recognition measure (Experiment 1). We argue that discrepancies promoted the construction of links between sources, but that integration did not take place during reading. 相似文献