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961.
Linda J. Cooper David P. Wacker Gary M. Sasso Thomas M. Reimers Lisa K. Donn 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1990,23(3):285-296
We conducted a preliminary analysis of maintaining variables for children with conduct disorders in an outpatient clinic. Eight children of normal intelligence between the ages of 4 and 9 years were evaluated during 90-min sessions. The children's parents conducted the assessments by varying task demands (easy and difficult) and parental attention (attention and no attention) within a multielement design. The assessment focused on appropriate child behavior and was conducted to formulate hypotheses regarding maintaining contingencies. Results demonstrated that the children's appropriate behavior varied across assessment conditions and, for 7 of the 8 children, occurred at a higher rate during one condition than during other conditions. In addition, treatment integrity data demonstrated that parents were able to implement the procedures as intended. The recommended treatments were rated as being both effective and acceptable to parents for up to 6 months following the evaluation. Our results extend previous studies of functional analytic procedures conducted by trained experimenters with severely handicapped children in more controlled settings. 相似文献
962.
A circuit designed to present auditory or visual probes is described. The circuit allows the probes to be delayed by a specified amount of time, and the volume (for auditory probes) or intensity (for visual probes) may also be adjusted. The circuit may be triggered by any device capable of emitting an electronic pulse-such as a computer or a tachistoscope. 相似文献
963.
Gary P. Finley 《Behavior research methods》1989,21(3):387-390
The functions necessary for a high-quality microcomputer emulation of a tachistoscope are summarized. A software package containing an extensive set of tachistoscope-emulation functions for IBM PC-type computers is described. This software gives computers equipped with the Hercules monochrome/graphics display controller the ability to produce fast tachistoscopic presentations of text material. 相似文献
964.
Gary Perlman 《Behavior research methods》1985,17(2):203-205
A programming language and computer system for the design, administration, and distribution of surveys are described. A special-purpose programming language allows the concise definition of a survey. The definition is passed to a program generator that creates a program for presenting questions and gathering answers. Conventions for distribution and collection of surveys are discussed. The system reduces many of the problems associated with conducting a survey. 相似文献
965.
This analysis examined chronic medical problems as a risk factor for depressive symptomatology using longitudinal survey data from a sample of rural Tennesseans. Two waves of data (1977 and 1983) were collected on 532 rural Middle-Tennessee residents. An initial investigation found chronic medical problems a powerful predictor of depression. Furthermore, internal and external resources (personal resources and social support) operated as moderating factors between the stress of medical problems and psychiatric impairment. Panel regression analyses indicated that Time 1 depression level as well as medical problems at Time 2 (t2) were significant predictors of depression at t2 in rural areas of the mid-South. Finally, the buffering effects of both social support and personal resources were explored. 相似文献
966.
The basis of judgment by laypersons in the self-evaluation of difficulties with anger control is examined. Responses to a set of 10 specific criteria of anger control problems and a self-rating of degree of problem were obtained on 190 subjects. The criteria and problem ratings were found to have satisfactory testretest reliability. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that certain criteria entered more than others into the self-judgments of anger control problems. Exploratory factor analysis produced three factors, interpreted as Personal Difficulties with Anger, Aggression, and Hostility, which replicated some of the previous research. Implications of the findings for a social constructivist view of self-judgment of anger and aggression and the development of self-report instruments are discussed. Additional studies with other samples are suggested. 相似文献
967.
Gary Kemp 《Synthese》1995,105(1):31-51
I wish to thank Peter Hylton, from whom I have learned much in discussion of these issues, and whose comments upon a previous draft of this paper helped to give it its present shape. I must also thank two anonymous referees, who were most helpful on both specific and general points, and Axel Boldt, who helped with the German. 相似文献
968.
CHRONIC NOISE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract— This article illustrates the value of incorporating psychological principles into the environmental sciences Psycho physiological, cognitive, motivational, and affective indices of chronically exposed to aircraft noise We demonstrate for the first time that chronic noise exposure is associated with elevated neuroendocnne and cardiovascular measures, muted cardiovascular reactivity to a task presented under acute noise, deficits in a standardized reading test administered under quiet conditions, poorer long-term memory, and diminished quality of life on a standardized index Children in high-noise areas also showed evidence of poor persistence on challenging tasks and ambulation to auditory distraction on a signal-to-noise task They reported considerable annoyance with community noise levels, as measured utilizing a calibration procedure that adjusts for individual differences in rating criteria for annoyance judgments 相似文献
969.
970.
Brian A. Iwata Gary M. Pace Michael F. Dorsey Jennifer R. Zarcone Timothy R. Vollmer Richard G. Smith Teresa A. Rodgers Dorothea C. Lerman Bridget A. Shore Jodi L. Mazaleski Han-Leong Goh Glynnis Edwards Cowdery Michael J. Kalsher Kay C. McCosh Kimberly D. Willis 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1994,27(2):215-240
Data are summarized from 152 single-subject analyses of the reinforcing functions of self-injurious behavior (SIB). Individuals with developmental disabilities referred for assessment and/or treatment over an 11-year period were exposed to a series of conditions in which the effects of antecedent and consequent events on SIB were examined systematically by way of multielement, reversal, or combined designs. Data were collected during approximately 4,000 experimental sessions (1,000 hr), with the length of assessment for individuals ranging from 8 to 66 sessions (M = 26.2) conducted over 2 to 16.5 hr (M = 6.5). Differential or uniformly high responding was observed in 145 (95.4%) of the cases. Social-negative reinforcement (escape from task demands or other sources of aversive stimulation) accounted for 58 cases, which was the largest proportion of the sample (38.1%). Social-positive reinforcement (either attention or access to food or materials) accounted for 40 (26.3%) of the cases, automatic (sensory) reinforcement accounted for 39 (25.7%), and multiple controlling variables accounted for 8 (5.3%). Seven sets of data (4.6%) showed either cyclical or inconsistent patterns of responding that were uninterpretable. Overall results indicated that functional analysis methodologies are extremely effective in identifying the environmental determinants of SIB on an individual basis and, subsequently, in guiding the process of treatment selection. Furthermore, an accumulation of assessment data from such analyses across a large number of individuals provides perhaps the most rigorous approach to an epidemiological study of behavioral function. 相似文献