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101.
Visual working memory (VWM) refers to the ability to encode, store, and retrieve visual information. The two prevailing theories that describe VWM assume that information is stored either in discrete slots or within a shared pool of resources. However, there is not yet a good understanding of the neural mechanisms that would underlie such theories. To address this gap, we provide a computationally realized neural account that uses a pool of shared neurons to store information about one or more distinct stimuli. The binding pool model is a neural network that is essentially a hybrid of the slot and resource theories. It describes how information can be stored and retrieved from a pool of shared resources using a type/token architecture (Bowman & Wyble in Psychological Review 114(1), 38–70, 2007; Kanwisher in Cognition 27, 117–143, 1987; Mozer in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 15(2), 287–303, 1989). The model can store multiple distinct objects, each containing binding links to one or more features. The binding links are stored in a pool of shared resources and, thus, produce mutual interference as memory load increases. Given a cue, the model retrieves a specific object and then reconstructs other features bound to that object, along with a confidence metric. The model can simulate data from continuous report and change detection paradigms and generates testable predictions about the interaction of report accuracy, confidence, and stimulus similarity. The testing of such predictions will help to identify the boundaries of shared resource theories, thereby providing insight into the roles of ensembles and context in explaining our ability to remember visual information. 相似文献
102.
103.
This paper examines the role of semantic factors in the production of subject–verb number agreement. As an ostensibly grammatical process, number agreement provides an interesting case for examining the flow and interaction of semantic and syntactic information through the language-production system. Using a sentence-completion task, agreement errors can be elicited from subjects by presenting them with sentence fragments containing a complex noun-phrase, in which the nonhead noun is plural (e.g., The key to the cabinets...WERE missing.). Previous research has demonstrated that the probability of making an error can be affected by varying the properties of the nouns in the complex noun phrase. By investigating which variables do and do not affect error rates, constraints on the flow of information through the production system can be inferred. In three experiments, we investigated the possible effects of three different semantic manipulations of the nouns in the complex NP: animacy, semantic overlap, and plausibility of modification by the sentence predicate. We found that both animacy and semantic relatedness had reliable effects on error rates, indicating that the mechanism involved in implementing agreement cannot be blind to semantic information. However, the plausibility with which each noun could serve as the subject of the sentence predicate had no effect on error rates. Taken together, these results suggest that while semantic information is visible to the agreement mechanism, there are still constraints on when this information can affect the process. Specifically, it may be the case that only information contained within the complex NP is considered for the purposes of implementing agreement. 相似文献
104.
Nkemka Anyiwo Riana E. Anderson Aixa D. Marchand Matthew A. Diemer Janay M. Garrett 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2023,33(2):270-286
In a sample of 500 self-identified Black adolescents from across the United States, this study investigated the pathways between youth's experiences of parental racial socialization (RS) and their sociopolitical development. Findings from structural equation modelling reveal that RS messages and actions were positively associated with youth's awareness of racial inequality (critical reflection) and confidence and motivation in addressing racism (critical agency). Further, there were direct and indirect associations between RS and multiple forms of racial justice actions (interpersonal, political/communal, and online). Racial barriers messages were directly positively associated with political/communal and indirectly positively associated with interpersonal and online action, while cultural socialization actions were directly positively associated with all three forms of action. These findings support theoretical contentions that RS messages and actions may be powerful tools for cultivating Black youth's understanding and capacity to transform racially unjust systems. Further, parents' behaviours to racially socialize their children may be more impactful than their verbal messages in cultivating multiple forms of racial justice action. Finally, recommendations for future research and practice related to Black youth's consciousness and activism are presented. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement . 相似文献
105.
Disorders of lexical selection. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M Garrett 《Cognition》1992,42(1-3):143-180
Errors in lexical processing are commonplace in language pathologies resulting from brain injury or disease. This discussion considers some of the major recent developments in the interpretation of such errors. The focus is on behavioral systems, rather than neuroanatomical or neurophysiological issues. The objective is to comment on some plausible mutual implications of generally attested pathologies and normal models of lexical retrieval for production, particularly with respect to the roles of semantic and syntactic categories. 相似文献
106.
Garrett J. McAuliffe 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1993,72(1):23-28
The ability to effectively manage career transition may be related to an individual's meaning-making framework, or constructive development. The implications of constructive developmental theory for career choice and implementation are explored. The interplay between career transition and developmental transformation is examined, and counseling strategies for assisting such transformation are proposed. Case illustrations are offered. 相似文献
107.
Garrett Hardin 《Zygon》1983,18(4):405-413
Abstract. The balance of obedience/aggressiveness is necessarily skewed to the left in infancy; maturation shifts it to the right. Hierarchies greatly reduce overt violence. Positional shifts in a hierarchy take place through violence or the threat of violence. Self-serving individuals tend to upset hierarchical balance. Peace is served by the acceptance of a sovereign power (like the nation), which gives justice precedence over fairness. "Justice as fairness" is a pernicious doctrine. Religion has in the past favored secular sovereignty for the sake of peace; hence the protection of religions by sovereign powers. 相似文献
108.
Proprioception is often considered to be critically involved in producing adaptation to a prism-induced visual displacement. The present study focused on reduction of proprioceptive feedback during prism exposure by means of hypnotically induced anesthesia in the adapting arm. In addition, intermanual transfer was considered. Results showed adaptation occurring in situations where S could feel arm sensations while viewing arm movement during a prism exposure. However, if the adapting arm was hypnotically anesthetized while still remaining mobile, adaptation did not occur. No intermanual transfer was found between the adapted arm and the unadapted arm. 相似文献
109.
Raymond O. Collier Jr. Frank B. Baker Garrett K. Mandeville Thomas F. Hayes 《Psychometrika》1967,32(3):339-353
Estimates of test size (probability of Type I error) were obtained for several specific repeated measures designs. Estimates were presented for configurations where the underlying covariance matrices exhibited varying degrees of heterogeneity. Conventional variance ratios were employed as basic statistics in order to produce estimates of size for a conventional test, an -adjusted test, and -adjusted test and a conservative test. Indices for empirical distributions of two estimators of , a measure of covariance heterogeneity, were also provided. 相似文献
110.
The use of behavior therapy techniques to alleviate stuttering is being extensively applied. Two cases illustrating hierarchical simulation are presented. In the first, a technique incorporating systematic desensitization and reciprocal inhibition was used to reduce the stuttering behavior of a 13-year-old boy while speaking in a classroom situation. The procedure involved the use of color slides to simulate speaking before an actual classroom as an adjunct to systematic desensitization and reciprocal inhibition. Results indicated a reduction in classroom stuttering as reported by the client and his teacher. In the second case, a 5-year-old boy used forceful muscular activity as being reciprocal to anxiety. This procedure involved the use of videotapes to hierarchically simulate anxiety producing classroom situations. Measures of stuttering indicated a mean reduction of 18%. One year after therapy indicated stuttering had been eliminated. 相似文献