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511.
Kathryn Jane Gardner Pamela Qualter Helen Whiteley 《Australian journal of psychology》2011,63(2):75-82
This study examined temperament, environmental factors (family environment and childhood trauma), and the interaction between them as developmental correlates of ability and trait emotional intelligence (EI). Using 97 university students, correlational analyses revealed that temperament characteristics were related to trait but not ability EI. Components of family environment and childhood trauma were not significantly related to ability or trait EI. Multiple regression analyses confirmed the importance of temperament in predicting trait EI, but provided little support for the role of environmental factors or their interactions with temperament in predicting either type of EI. 相似文献
512.
513.
Zimmerman ME Lipton RB Santoro N McConnell DS Derby CA Katz MJ Baigi K Saunders-Pullman R 《Brain and cognition》2011,76(1):158-165
This study examined the relationship between endogenous hormones and cognitive function in nondemented, ethnically-diverse community-dwelling older men enrolled in the Einstein Aging Study (EAS). All eligible participants (185 men, mean age=81 years) received neuropsychological assessment (Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), Logical Memory (LM), Trail Making Test B (TMTB), block design (BD)) and provided blood samples for hormonal assays (total estradiol, total testosterone, calculated free testosterone index). Linear regression analysis adjusted for age, education, body mass index, and cardiovascular comorbidities indicated that men with high levels of total estradiol demonstrated better FCSRT verbal memory performance (β=0.17, p<0.02) compared to men with lower levels of total estradiol. The results remained unchanged when the model was further adjusted for ethnicity. We did not detect an association between testosterone and cognitive performance. These findings indicate that high levels of total estradiol in older men are associated with better performance on a cue-based, controlled learning test of verbal memory that is a sensitive predictor of dementia. 相似文献
514.
Vander Stoep A Adrian M McCauley E Crowell SE Stone A Flynn C 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2011,41(3):316-329
This study investigates the early manifestation of co-occurring depression and conduct problems as a predictor of heightened risk for later suicidal ideation and behavior in a community sample of 521 adolescents. Self-reported symptoms of depression and conduct problems were evaluated in early 6th grade. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors were tracked through multiple assessments carried out over the middle school years. Compared to adolescents with depression symptoms only, conduct problem symptoms only, or low psychopathology, those with co-occurring depression and conduct problem symptoms had the highest risk for subsequent suicidal ideation, recurrent suicidal behaviors, and suicide attempts. 相似文献
515.
Brandt C. Gardner Dean M. Busby Brandon K. Burr Sarah E. Lyon 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2011,33(3):253-272
A large body of research has been devoted to the study of family-of-origin (FOO) experience influences on future relationship
outcomes and processes. In addition, substantial information exists regarding the role relationship attributions play in connection
with relationship quality and stability. Yet, limited information has been forthcoming regarding how the FOO experience has
an influence on attributions made in romantic relationships. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to assess the
impact of the FOO experience on attributions made about one’s own communication and personality variables, as well as the
communication and personality variables of one’s partner from a sample of individuals who had completed the RELATionship Evaluation (N = 6,649). Results show evidence of a relationship between the FOO experience and the attributions made about oneself and
one’s partner. Results were particularly pronounced for the communication variables. Gender differences also were found. The
utility of study findings for couple and family researchers and practitioners is discussed. 相似文献
516.
Shannon H. Rogers John M. Halstead Kevin H. Gardner Cynthia H. Carlson 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(2):201-213
Walkability has been linked to quality of life in many ways. Health related benefits of physical exercise, the accessibility
and access benefits of being able to walk to obtain some of your daily needs, or the mental health and social benefits of
reduced isolation are a few of the many positive impacts on quality of life that can result from a walkable neighborhood.
In the age of increasing energy costs and climate considerations, the ability to walk to important locations is a key component
of sustainable communities. While the health and environmental implications of walkable communities are being extensively
studied, the social benefits have not been investigated as broadly. Social capital is a measure of an individual’s or group’s
networks, personal connections, and involvement. Like economic and human capital, social capital is considered to have important
values to both individuals and communities. Through a case study approach this article argues that the generation and maintenance
of social capital is another important component of quality of life that may be facilitated by living in a walkable community.
Residents living in neighborhoods of varying built form and thus varying levels of walkability in three communities in New
Hampshire were surveyed about their levels of social capital and travel behaviors. Comparisons between the more walkable and
less walkable neighborhoods show that levels of social capital are higher in more walkable neighborhoods. 相似文献
517.
We explored the impact of motor experience on the interaction between implicit motor simulation and language-processing. In an action familiarity judgment task, expert volleyball players, fans and novices were presented with semantically correct sentences describing possible and not possible motor actions, all as negative or positive contexts, e.g., "Don't shank!" or "Assist!". As processing negated action-phrases is known to reduce simulation states, exposure to negative or positive contexts was used here to test how simulation varies according to motor feasibility (possible, impossible) and experience (experts and fans). A significant group×stimulus×context interaction showed that athletes and fans, took longer to process negative than positive contexts for possible actions, compared to action-impossible sentences. In addition, experts were significantly faster and more accurate than fans and, in turn, they were both more accurate than novices. Thus, implicit motor simulation impacts on action-verb processing depending on (i) the domain-relevant expertise, (ii) the feasibility of the actions, and (iii) on whether scenes are presented in a negated context. These results suggest that the implicit triggering of motor representations is modulated by the context and it is tuned to people's motor repertoire, even when actions are described linguistically. 相似文献
518.
519.
Jennifer Patterson Brandt C. Gardner Brandon K. Burr Daniel S. Hubler Kelly M. Roberts 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2012,34(1):11-28
Affect has been identified across numerous research studies to be a vital element in understanding couple relationship processes.
Affect has been shown to distinguish between satisfied and dissatisfied couples and to be important in understanding processes
leading to relationship dissolution. However, research has not yet uncovered nonverbal indicators that a couple is experiencing
negative affect compared to other affective states. In this study we sought to identify specific nonverbal behaviors associated
with different affective states. Results suggested that differences in looking-behavior and smiling can be used to identify
affect states during couple communication. We outline how the results can aid couples therapy interventions. 相似文献
520.
AD McEachern TJ Dishion CM Weaver DS Shaw MN Wilson F Gardner 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(3):498-511
The measurement of parenting behaviors is important to the field of psychology and the goal of remediating problematic parenting
as a means of reducing child problem behaviors. The Parenting Young Children (PARYC) is a self-report measure designed to
address parenting behaviors relevant for the caregivers of young children, and was assessed in sample of 579 high risk families.
The measure assesses the frequency of several parenting behaviors, the perception of the parenting behaviors as problematic,
and the degree to which the caregiver would like to make changes in specific parenting skills. An examination of the validity
of the parenting behavior items revealed three parenting scales: (1) Supporting Positive Behavior (2) Setting Limits, and
(3) Proactive Parenting. Confirmatory factor analysis results corroborate the findings of the exploratory factor analysis,
supporting the measurement structure of these parenting scales. Tests of convergent validity indicate the PARYC scale is a
suitable measure of parenting behaviors. In addition, the self-perception of parenting behaviors as problematic predicted
concurrent levels of service utilization while controlling for simultaneous child behavior problems. 相似文献