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871.
The need to study the positive aspects of body image led to the design of the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS). The aim of the present study was to develop a Spanish adaptation of the BAS for adolescents, testing its factor structure, construct validity and any differences between girls and boys. Participants were 312 adolescents aged between 12 and 20; there were 148 females and 164 males. The validation analysis of the BAS revealed a one-factor structure with adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .908) and construct validity (correlations with body mass index, influence of the body shape model, perceived stress, coping strategies, self-esteem and variables from the Eating Disorders Inventory-2), as well as significant differences between boys and girls (p < .01). The BAS is suitable for administration in a Spanish adolescent population as a way of analysing the positive aspects of body image. 相似文献
872.
Melikşah Demir Ayça Özen Aysun Doğan Nicholas A. Bilyk Fanita A. Tyrell 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(6):983-1005
Decades of empirical research have shown that friendship experiences are an essential predictor of happiness. However, what might account for the relationship between friendship and happiness? Two studies investigated perceived mattering (Marshall, J Adolesc 24:473–490, 2001) as a mediator of the association between friendship quality and happiness. Study 1 showed that perceived mattering to one’s best friend mediated the relationship between friendship and happiness. Study 2 replicated the findings of the first study and showed that mattering in friendships accounts for the role of friendship quality in happiness across the three closest friendships of the individual. The results are discussed in terms of the theoretical importance of understanding how friendship is related to happiness. 相似文献
873.
This two-wave longitudinal study examines the ability of life satisfaction and adjustment strategies to predict anxious and
depressive symptoms in coronary heart disease male patients. Studies have shown that most heart attack survivors report these
symptoms, which may worsen the prognosis of the disease. At Time 1, immediately after the first cardiac episode, eighty-eight
men reported their life satisfaction levels, adjustment strategies used, and anxious and depressive symptoms experienced.
At Time 2, six months later, sixty-three of those patients reported only their anxious and depressive symptoms again. The
results showed that, after controlling for demographic variables, anxious and depressive symptoms at Time 1 were predicted
by positive adjustment and life satisfaction. At Time 2, after controlling for both demographic variables and Time 1-emotional
symptoms, none of the psychological variables predicted anxious symptoms, while depressive symptoms were only predicted by
life satisfaction. It is concluded that an adequate level of life satisfaction may help to decrease emotional distress, both
short and long term, while the use of positive adjustment strategies is especially important immediately after diagnosis. 相似文献
874.
Magdalena Bobowik Nekane Basabe Darío Páez Amaia Jiménez M. Ángeles Bilbao 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(3):401-419
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between personal values and well-being. Two correlational studies are
presented with the following random samples: (1) four native samples: two samples from the 2006 European Social Survey (Europe
n1 = 28,375, Spain n2 = 1,321) and two Basque samples (n3 = 1,770; n4 = 820); and (2) a sample of immigrants in the Basque Country (quasirandom) (n5 = 1,171). Age range of respondents was 18–60 years. The instruments used were for measuring: (1) personal values (Schwartz’s
PVQ-40 or PVQ-21), and (2) well-being (Bradburn’s PNA, Goldberg’s GHQ, and life satisfaction and perceived control items from
the World Value Survey). Partial correlation analysis was applied, with PVQ scale response bias controlled. The data supported
a positive association of hedonic and psychological well-being with openness to experience and individualist values, and a
negative association with power and conservation or collectivist values. Satisfaction with life partially mediated the relationship
between personal values and affect. The results support a universal association of healthy values with well-being. 相似文献
875.
Natalio Extremera Jose Martín Salguero Pablo Fernández-Berrocal 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(3):509-517
The primary aim of the current study was to replicate and extend previous findings by examining the relationship between trait
meta-mood and levels of subjective happiness in a 7-week follow-up study. Participants were 192 undergraduate students (155
females) who completed self-report measures of trait meta-mood and subjective happiness. After 7 weeks, 155 students completed
the subjective happiness scale again. Focusing first on cross-sectional analysis, meta-mood dimensions were found to be moderately
related to levels of subjective happiness. Next, along with initial levels of subjective happiness, we found that meta-mood
dimensions independently predicted prospective levels of subjective happiness over a 7-week follow-up. These findings provide
some preliminary evidence on the prospective value of meta-mood dimensions as relevant individual differences involved in
the maintenance of emotional well-being indicators. 相似文献
876.
877.
There is accumulating evidence that a variety of species possess quantitative abilities although their cognitive substrate
is still unclear. This study is the first to investigate whether sea lions (Otaria flavescens), in the absence of training, are able to assess and select the larger of two sets of quantities. In Experiment 1, the two
sets of quantities were presented simultaneously as whole sets, that is, the subjects could compare them directly. In Experiment
2, the two sets of quantities were presented item-by-item, and the totality of items was never visually available at the time
of choice. For each type of presentation, we analysed the effect of the ratio between quantities, the difference between quantities
and the total number of items presented. The results showed that (1) sea lions can make relative quantity judgments successfully
and (2) there is a predominant influence of the ratio between quantities on the subjects’ performance. The latter supports
the idea that an analogue representational mechanism is responsible for sea lions’ relative quantities judgments. These findings
are consistent with previous reports of relative quantities judgments in other species such as monkeys and apes and suggest
that sea lions might share a similar mechanism to compare and represent quantities. 相似文献
878.
The ability to discriminate between larger and smaller quantities has been demonstrated in several mammalian and avian species
suggesting the possibility of evolutionary conservation of this characteristic. Preference for the larger of two groups has
also been shown in fish species, although this ability has rarely been systematically studied in lower order vertebrates,
and thus the mechanisms of such ability are not understood. Here, we exploit the tendency of angelfish to seek protection
in an unfamiliar environment by joining a group of conspecifics, a behaviour called shoaling. Test fish were given a simultaneous
choice between shoals varying both in terms of numerical ratios and absolute numbers of fish. Our results provide evidence
for quantity discrimination in angelfish. In general, experimental subjects chose the larger of two shoals. Furthermore, in
agreement with Weber’s law, which holds that discrimination between two quantities depends on their ratio, the discrimination
between shoals of different quantities of fish was more difficult when the shoal sizes became more similar. The limit of discrimination
ratio was found to be below 2:1. Briefly, angelfish are able to discriminate between different quantities of conspecifics
subject to a ratio limit, a finding that implies a fitness component in this behaviour similar to what has been demonstrated
in higher order vertebrates. 相似文献
879.
Francisco Javier Rondan‐Cataluña David Martin‐Ruiz 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2011,10(5):245-254
This study explores the moderating effects of various consumer features – such as price insensitivity and recency of last purchase – on the relationships among perceived value, inferred vendor profit, and perceived price fairness. A proposed model is developed and an empirical study is then conducted among consumers in four contexts: (i) two tangible goods; and (ii) two intangible services. The proposed model and hypotheses are tested using Partial Least Squares (PLS) software SmartPLS 2.0.M3, which provides a component‐based approach for estimation purposes. The influence of these moderating variables (price insensitivity and recency of the last purchase) depends on the context and the nature of the offering. This is a pioneering study of perceived price fairness in a framework of distributive justice utilizing a variety of contexts, products, and services. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
880.
Despite continuing controversies regarding the vital status of both brain-dead donors and individuals who undergo donation after circulatory death (DCD), respecting the dead donor rule (DDR) remains the standard moral framework for organ procurement. The DDR increases organ supply without jeopardizing trust in transplantation systems, reassuring society that donors will not experience harm during organ procurement. While the assumption that individuals cannot be harmed once they are dead is reasonable in the case of brain-dead protocols, we argue that the DDR is not an acceptable strategy to protect donors from harm in DCD protocols. We propose a threefold alternative to justify organ procurement practices: (1) ensuring that donors are sufficiently protected from harm; (2) ensuring that they are respected through informed consent; and (3) ensuring that society is fully informed of the inherently debatable nature of any criterion to declare death. 相似文献