支那内学院佛学史料三种

2009年11月,在北京法源寺中国佛教图书文物馆发现一部油印本文献,题作“《中论》等七种”,民国时期南京支那内学院编印。经仔细检读后,发现这部油印本由七种文献合订而成,包括《缘论会译》、《律学参考》、《支那内学院树因研究室办法》和《西藏佛学研究用品目录》等内学院佛学史料。其中《缘论会译》中从藏文译汉的《观所缘释论》,还是吕激当年译文初稿,与正式发表的定稿在文字上颇为不同。现将此《西藏译（观所缘释论）汉译初稿》（题目是整理者所拟）和《西藏佛学研究用品目录》整理刊出,并附吕激1961年7月2日所撰关于影印百衲本汉文大藏经意见书一封,供研究支那内学院历史和吕激佛学思想发展的学者参考。     

Similarities and differences in the perceptual structure of facial expressions of children and adults

We explored the perceptual structure of facial expressions of six basic emotions, varying systematically in intensity, in adults and children aged 7 and 14 years. Multidimensional scaling suggested that three- or four-dimensional structures were optimal for all groups. Two groups of adults demonstrated nearly identical structure, which had dimensions representing pleasure, potency, arousal, and intensity, despite the fact that one group was tested with a child-friendly “odd-man-out” paradigm and the other group was tested with a conventional similarity-rating paradigm. When tested with the odd-man-out paradigm, the 7-year-olds showed systematic structure, which differed from that of adults in both the meaning of some dimensions and the proximities among some of the expression categories. When tested with similarity judgments, the 14-year-olds showed an adult-like pattern on all measures except that their similarity judgments were more influenced by physical differences than were those of adults. We conclude that an adult-like representation of facial expressions develops slowly during childhood.     

清季经史关系变迁中的意义转化——以章学诚、章太炎《原道》篇为中心的考察

二章之学,均以重构经史关系为己任,但是两人的建构方式迥然有别,此于同题而异质的《原道》一文最为明显。章学诚以"周——孔"传承为核心,详阐"述——作"之别,以"道不离器"为论点,以"天"为参照而确立"六经"格局。章太炎以"老——庄"关系为架构,打破列为诸子学派的道家印象,立足古史而齐同万物。两种模式的建立,都是为回应各自的时代课题而作。但无论如何,"道"始终与变在共在,以万变成就不变。在此意义上,"道——器"关系打破固定的静态依附,以善变而善存,在多元格局中呈现出多维的色彩。     

基于反应时范式的内隐社会认知研究方法

三种新的内隐社会认知研究方法－－IAT、GNAT和EAST,这些方法采用反应竞争任务,考察概念间的联结强度。IAT通过对个体在不同任务上的操作,考察不同目标与属性间的联系、GNAT考察某一特定对象和评价间的联系;EAST考察被试在一个任务上的操作来推断个体对目标的评价。     

张三丰与武当功夫

太极拳以其四两拨千斤的技击理念和深厚的哲学内涵闻名于中外。太极拳源于何处?金庸先生的小说《倚天屠龙记》和电影《太极张三丰》都把张三丰算作太极拳的创始人,而把湖北省十堰市的武当山算作太极拳的发祥地。到底是不是这样呢?太极拳究竟是来源于一个人,还是来源于一种中华民族的文化精神?带着疑问,笔者走进武当,一探究竟。     

基于RSM对Q矩阵相同的无锚题测验的等值

传统锚题-非等组设计下的测验等值,等值要求的满足具有主观性,并且由于锚题失效或难以获得等因素的影响,则该方法的使用受到了限制。因此,本研究基于规则空间模型的Q矩阵理论,生成两个Q矩阵相同但无锚题的测验的共同受测者,使用共同组设计,利用同时性估计的方法对测验进行等值,并考虑了作答失误率和测验结构对等值稳定性的影响。结果表明:共同组设计同时估计方法的等值稳定性取得了优于或等于锚题-非等组同时估计方法;失误率的增大也会导致等值稳定性的下降;并且不同的测验结构也对等值稳定性产生了影响,其中直线型和收敛型结构稳定性较好,发散型和无结构型较差。     

“法轮功”痴迷者人生观剖析

"法轮功"痴迷者为什么会接受"法轮功"荒谬的人生观、走上触犯国家法律的不归之路,这一变化过程是怎样的呢?笔者就这一问题在广泛调查     

The Cognitive Architecture of Perceived Animacy: Intention,Attention, and Memory

Human vision supports social perception by efficiently detecting agents and extracting rich information about their actions, goals, and intentions. Here, we explore the cognitive architecture of perceived animacy by constructing Bayesian models that integrate domain‐specific hypotheses of social agency with domain‐general cognitive constraints on sensory, memory, and attentional processing. Our model posits that perceived animacy combines a bottom–up, feature‐based, parallel search for goal‐directed movements with a top–down selection process for intent inference. The interaction of these architecturally distinct processes makes perceived animacy fast, flexible, and yet cognitively efficient. In the context of chasing, in which a predator (the “wolf”) pursues a prey (the “sheep”), our model addresses the computational challenge of identifying target agents among varying numbers of distractor objects, despite a quadratic increase in the number of possible interactions as more objects appear in a scene. By comparing modeling results with human psychophysics in several studies, we show that the effectiveness and efficiency of human perceived animacy can be explained by a Bayesian ideal observer model with realistic cognitive constraints. These results provide an understanding of perceived animacy at the algorithmic level—how it is achieved by cognitive mechanisms such as attention and working memory, and how it can be integrated with higher‐level reasoning about social agency.     

陕西耀县药王山南庵道教壁画初探

本文主要由四部分组成,对陕西省耀县药王山南庵道教壁画做了初步描述、分析探讨和求证解释。第一部分"引论",概述宫观壁画,介绍已有研究成果和存在的不同见解;第二部分"壁画的年代",从碑石文献和壁画中人物的衣纹服饰进行比较分析,验证壁画绘制的年代;第三部分"壁画内容与风格",通过历史文献研究、运用图像分析等方法确认壁画中的主要内容、绘画风格和艺术特点。第四部分"结论",对耀县药王山南庵道教壁画的创作时间、内容题材和艺术风格作一小结。