企业的道德责任与社会责任--斯密与弗里德曼观点的比较研究

如果将企业简单地看做商业活动的主体,那么,关于商业伦理问题的讨论绝不是一个新鲜的议题,“童叟无欺”、“买卖公平”等伦理观念自古有之。然而,自从20世纪末,人们开始重新将注意力聚焦于企业的伦理方面,关于商业伦理的讨论也成为学术界关注的焦点。不断曝光的工商界丑闻使得社会从以往对企业的宽容态度日渐转为严厉,一个显著的现象就是从20世纪70年代延续到现在的关于“企业社会责任”的大讨论。对这一问题所引发的关切和讨论不仅仅局限于伦理学学术领域内,而且波及至整个工商企业界、政府部门以及全社会。在这些讨论和争论中,经济自由主…     

护士工作要求-资源问卷的编制

目的：探讨护士群体面临哪些工作要求和工作资源,为护士预防工作倦怠提供依据.方法：对120名护士初始测试后进行探索性因素分析,然后对360名护士正式测验结果进行验证性因素分析.结果：探索性因素分析结果表明,护士工作要求问卷包括工作量、倒班、情感要求、环境、心理和时间六个因素;护士工作资源问卷包括社会支持、奖励、技能多样性、工作控制和决策参与五个因素.验证性因素分析结果表明,护士工作要求问卷所提取的六个因素、工作资源问卷所提取的五个因素与构想模型拟合较好.结论：护士工作要求-资源问卷具有良好的信度和效度.     

The associations between parenting styles and proactive and reactive aggression in Hong Kong children and adolescents

Previous research suggests that reactive and proactive aggression may be differentially related to family contextual (e.g. parenting practices) factors. However, the existing research has focused largely on children and adolescents from Western countries, and no study has examined the parenting–aggression association using a parenting style measure sensitive to Asian culture. In this study parenting styles (i.e. warmth, control and guan/training) and proactive and reactive aggression were assessed in a large sample of school children in Hong Kong, China (N = 4,175, mean age = 11.75). We found that: (a) both low warmth (in boys only) and guan (i.e. high expectation and close supervision, in both boys and girls) were associated with elevated parent‐reported proactive aggression, (b) high restrictive control (i.e. dominating and rejecting) was associated with high reactive aggression (in both boys and girls) based on parent‐ or child‐report data, and with high proactive aggression (in boys only) based on parent‐report data, and (c) guan was also positively associated with parent‐reported reactive aggression. Findings provide more information about the Parenting Inventory using a large Asian sample, and extend existing research on familial correlates of different types of aggression.     

Priming modernity and work experiences strengthens the association between fairness/harm concerns and anger in China

According to the CAD model of emotional responses to immorality, if an event violates the moral foundations of justice and harm, people will feel angry. However, the model is silent on whether the strength of association between anger and perceived injustice/harm is context‐dependent. Using a contextual priming paradigm, the current research shows that in China, the association between anger and perceived injustice/harm is stronger when work (vs family) and modern (vs traditional) contexts are primed. Specifically, we primed modernity versus traditionality (Experiment 1) and work experiences (Experiment 2) and measured the strength of association between justice/harm concerns and anger. The results show that: (i) the linkage between justice/harm concern and anger was stronger in the modernity priming condition than in the tradition priming or control conditions; and (ii) the linkage between justice/harm concern and anger was stronger in the work experience priming condition than in the control condition. In short, priming modern and work contexts strengthens the association between justice/harm concerns and anger, suggesting the strength of the morality–emotion link is context‐dependent.     

Masked repetition priming hinders subsequent recollection but not familiarity: A behavioral and event-related potential study

The present study used the masked repetition priming paradigm in the study phase and the R/K paradigm in the test phase to investigate whether repetition priming can hinder recognition memory and which recognition process (familiarity or recollection) is hindered. Event-related potentials (ERPs) in the study and test phase were recorded to explore the temporal course of how repetition priming hinders subsequent recognition memory and which old/new effect (FN400 or LPC) is affected. Converging behavioral and ERP results indicated that masked repetition priming hindered subsequent recollection but not familiarity. The analysis of ERP priming effects in the study phase indicated that primed words were associated with less negative N400 and less positive LPC compared to unprimed words. The analysis of the priming effect as a function of subsequent memory revealed that only the LPC priming effect was predictive of priming effect on subsequent memory, which suggested that the “prediction-error” account might be a possible explanation of how repetition priming affects subsequent recognition memory.     

Attention and memory biases for aggressive information in college students with fragile high self-esteem

In this study, we examined attention and memory biases for aggressive information in two groups of college students. Individuals with fragile high self-esteem (n = 30) and individuals with secure high self-esteem (n = 30) first performed a dot-probe task investigating attention bias, followed by a memory task. Incidental free recall of words presented in the memory task was then completed to assess memory bias. Results revealed that individuals with fragile high self-esteem exhibited significant attention and memory biases for aggressive words compared with secure high self-esteem individuals. Attention bias for aggressive words was positively correlated with memory bias in individuals with fragile high self-esteem, but no correlation was found for individuals with secure high self-esteem. These findings suggest that individuals with fragile high self-esteem selectively attend to and remember aggression-related information. They may process information in ways that are congruent with an aggression-related schema. This study reveals the aggressive cognitive processes of individuals with fragile high self-esteem, which may be related to aggression.     

Online/offline self-disclosure to offline friends and relational outcomes in a diary study: The moderating role of self-esteem and relational closeness

Previous work suggests that the experiences of online and offline self-disclosure are heterogeneous among individuals. Yet little work has been done to identify the moderating role of individual characteristics and pre-existing relationship characteristics on the diverse relational outcomes. The present study using a 7-day diary design examined whether individuals' self-esteem level and relational closeness would moderate the relationships between online and offline self-disclosure to offline friends and two relational outcomes, that is, relationship satisfaction and trust in friendships. The analyses on 686 diary responses from 98 participants revealed that offline self-disclosure generally predicted greater relationship satisfaction and trust in friendships, whereas the role of online self-disclosure was not statistically significant. More importantly, self-esteem moderated the pattern associated with offline self-disclosure but not that with online self-disclosure. Specifically, offline self-disclosure predicted greater benefits to people with lower self-esteem relative to people with higher self-esteem. Moreover, pre-existing relational closeness moderated the relationship between offline self-disclosure and trust in friendships such that casual friendships benefited more from offline self-disclosure than close friendships did. The present study highlights the importance of personal characteristics and relationship characteristics in understanding the heterogeneous relational influence of different communication modes.     

Correction to: Unique Contributions of Maternal Prenatal and Postnatal Emotion Dysregulation on Infant Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology -     

Unique Contributions of Maternal Prenatal and Postnatal Emotion Dysregulation on Infant Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - Prenatal intrauterine exposures and postnatal caregiving environments may both shape the development of infant parasympathetic nervous system...     

Intrusive Psychological Control and Children’s Behaviors in Chinese Multigenerational Families: Role of Children’s Temperamental Reactivity

Journal of Child and Family Studies - The coparenting between grandparents and parents is increasingly prevalent in Chinese society. Based on the family system theory and the differential...