Feature integration is not the whole story of the sequence effects of symbolic cueing

ABSTRACT

Sequential modulations in symbolic cueing tasks have been attributed to complete versus partial repetition/alternation of stimulus features between consecutive trials. This feature-integration hypothesis is questioned by recent findings and further investigated in the present study. In the first two experiments, when the cueing axes switched between trials, only complete alternation of cue directions and target locations existed. Nevertheless, significant sequence effects were still found in this condition, which did not support the feature-integration hypothesis. Furthermore, although sequence effects were still significant when stimulus identities were manipulated in Experiment 3, it was abolished when different cue categories (gaze and arrow) were presented as cues in Experiment 4. The findings suggest that the integration of stimulus features is not the only source of the sequential effect and some higher level cognitive mechanisms, possibly as described in the task-file or task organization hypotheses, are involved in the sequential modulations of symbolic cueing.     

影响全子宫切除术施术途径选择的因素的初步分析

通过回顾分析（n=1238）和电话问卷调查（n=864），分析子宫切除术手术途径（开腹、腹腔镜、阴式）选择有关的因素，并探讨其在决策过程中的作用。结果发现，疾病本身的特点是影响手术途径选择的最主要因素。如果有备选途径，医师的偏好成为重要的抉择因素。患者在决策过程中的作用除受医师影响外，还受医疗费用支付方式制约。伤口美观和术后恢复快是腹腔镜子宫切除术患者选择该途径的主要原因。     

Retracted: Effects of cartoon violence on aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors

This article reports on an experiment designed to test whether the cartoon manipulation leads to significant increases in aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors among Chinese children (n = 3,000). Results indicated that brief exposure to a violent cartoon triggered higher aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors than a nonviolent cartoon. Females displayed higher aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors than males in a nonviolent cartoon condition, while males displayed higher aggressive behaviors than females in a violent cartoon condition. Mediation analysis suggested that the effect on aggressive behaviors was mediated by aggressive thoughts. The findings imply that cartoon developers, parents, and teachers should develop cartoons that inhibit children's aggressive thoughts to avoid aggressive behaviors. Females are the key group for the prevention and intervention of aggression in a nonviolent cartoon context, while males are the key group for the prevention and intervention of aggression in a violent cartoon context.     

日本社会传统与日军慰安妇制度

二战时期日军慰安妇制度的建立,与日本社会传统有着密切的联系。日本男性的性放纵、性生活的迷信心理以及日本女性客观上的支持和长期的历史渊源,都促成了慰安妇制度的形成。     

神明信仰的政治性——台湾的郑成功信仰

在台湾,祭祀郑成功的地方有所谓的官庙、纪念堂、宗祠家庙以及一般的民间庙宇百余处,即使动机或目的不同,然而信仰者众,蔚为潮流。本论旨在探讨"郑成功信仰"有别于一般华人信仰所独具之政治性功能,"郑成功"于不同主政者(清代与日本统治台湾时期)的重新诠释下,皆符合当代的国家利益,而成为精神教化的代表甚至是爱国的代名词。     

The effects of violent video games and shyness on individuals’ aggressive behaviors

The general aggression model (GAM) has suggested that the interaction between person factors (e.g., personality variables) and situation factors (e.g., playing violent video games [VVGs]) can increase individuals’ aggressive behaviors through their cognition (e.g., hostile attributions), affect (e.g., negative affect), and/or arousal. The present study employed a modified competitive reaction time task to test the effects of shyness, violent (vs. nonviolent) gameplay, and shyness on individuals’ positive–negative affect, hostile attributions, and aggressive behaviors. In addition, the present study also employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the mediation (by cognition and affect) and moderation (by shyness). Results showed that playing a VVG increased aggressive behaviors, negative affect, and hostile attributions primarily among shy participants. In addition, the results of SEM also revealed that this moderating role was mediated by negative affect and hostile attributions. The present study supported GAM and showed that individuals’ aggressive behaviors are differentially susceptible to VVGs, depending on their level of shyness in a “for bad and for worse” manner.     

离别人间事何关道者情——小议禅与送别诗

江淹《别赋》中说:“黯然销魂者,唯别而已矣。”别离,是中国文学中经久不衰的创作题材。早在《诗经》里就有“之子一,远送于野。瞻望弗及,润涕如雨。”〔1〕“于嗟阔兮。不我活兮。于嗟洵兮。不我信兮。”〔2〕这样的句子,堪称是中国送别诗的源头。到汉乐府、汉魏古诗中,送别诗日趋发展,《文选》已有送别一类。对于封建社会的知识分子而言,一生中辞亲远游、科举应试,甚至迁客贬谪等等常有发生。所谓“离群托诗以怨”,古人述别离之情的诗已成经典,李白“桃花潭水深千尺”〔3〕、王维“渭城朝雨轻尘”〔4〕、杜牧“蜡烛有心还惜别”〔5〕等,早…