宣誓动作对大学生诚信认知和诚信感的影响

从具身认知的角度探索了中国文化中的宣誓动作与诚信概念之间的关系,并进一步探讨了做出宣誓的动作后,是否会影响大学生被试的诚信感.结果发现:(1)被试看到做宣誓动作的人会更容易联想到这个人具有诚信的特质;(2)做出宣誓动作后的被试能够体验到更高的诚信感.结论:宣誓动作与诚信概念之间存在无意识的自动化连结,做出宣誓的动作能够...     

Learning to suppress a distractor is not affected by working memory load

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Where and what we attend to is not only determined by our current goals but also by what we have encountered in the past. Recent studies have shown that people...     

Oceans of stimuli: an individual-based model to assess the role of olfactory cues and local enhancement in seabirds’ foraging behaviour

Animal Cognition - Oceans are extremely dynamic environments, which poses challenges for top-predators such as seabirds to find food resources. Yet, seabirds evolved sensorial abilities (olfactory...     

A mixture model for responses and response times with a higher-order ability structure to detect rapid guessing behaviour

Many educational and psychological assessments focus on multidimensional latent traits that often have a hierarchical structure to provide both overall-level information and fine-grained diagnostic information. A test will usually have either separate time limits for each subtest or an overall time limit for administrative convenience and test fairness. In order to complete the items within the allocated time, examinees frequently adopt different test-taking behaviours during the test, such as solution behaviour and rapid guessing behaviour. In this paper we propose a new mixture model for responses and response times with a hierarchical ability structure, which incorporates auxiliary information from other subtests and the correlation structure of the abilities to detect rapid guessing behaviour. A Markov chain Monte Carlo method is proposed for model estimation. Simulation studies reveal that all model parameters could be recovered well, and the parameter estimates had smaller absolute bias and mean squared error than the mixture unidimensional item response theory (UIRT) model. Moreover, the true positive rate of detecting rapid guessing behaviour is also higher than when using the mixture UIRT model separately for each subscale, whereas the false detection rate is much lower than the mixture UIRT model. The deviance information criterion and the logarithm of the pseudo-marginal likelihood are employed to evaluate the model fit. Finally, a real data analysis is presented to demonstrate the practical value of the proposed model.     

从哈贝马斯与罗尔斯的争论谈道德哲学与政治证明的关系

为走出道德多元论的困惑,重新确立政治统一性,罗尔斯提出了非完备性的政治证明方式。哈贝马斯不同意罗尔斯的观点,他提出程序主义的证明方式。程序主义的证明方式没有割裂政治与道德的关系,哈贝马斯的批判是中肯的,从中我们可以看出,政治哲学不能脱离伦理信念的支持。     

'I or we': Family socialization values in a national probability sample in Taiwan

The aim of the present secondary data analysis was to explore antecedents and consequences of family socialization values emphasizing independence or interdependence, using a Taiwanese national probability sample. Analysis of variance revealed that those who were male, older and less educated emphasized greater interdependence values. In contrast, those who were younger, with higher social status and urban residents emphasized greater independence values. Multiple regression analysis further revealed that valuing interdependence was related to preferring a greater number of offspring, a higher endorsement of filial piety, greater marital and life satisfaction. Finally, in this national sample, endorsement on independence and interdependence values was equivalent.     

Australian consumers' attitudes toward France a decade after nuclear testing: evidence of forgiveness

• Surveys of Australian consumers before, during, and after French nuclear testing in the Pacific in 1995 show clear evidence of negative reaction of consumers to the testing with regards to their ratings of France and French products. Although beliefs about French products did not decline following the announcement of the planned testing, evaluative feelings, and behavioral orientation towards France, the French and French products did. However, by 2005 behavioral orientation to French products, as well as attitudes to France and the French had more than recovered. The components of attitudes to products and country‐people are examined in the context of theories of forgiveness to understand processes that could explain such a recovery. Implications for researchers and marketers in the increasingly frequent situations of international tensions are discussed.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

字素-音素与词体-尾音对中国人英语语音加工的影响

研究采用命名任务,探讨了字素-音素对应规则与词体-尾音对应规则在英语假词和中高频真词读音中的作用.结果发现,中国被试同时采用字素-音素对应规则与词体-尾音对应规则命名假词和中高频真词,但是字素-音素对应规则对假词命名更重要.     

跨语言启动的不对称性现象及其理论解释的新进展

该文重点介绍了跨语言掩蔽启动不对称性现象及其新的理论解释一意义模型.意义模型认为目标词中已经激活词义数目与完全激活该词需要的词义数目的比率决定着跨语言启动不对称现象的产生.目前意义模型较好地解释跨语言启动不对称现象,但仍有许多问题需要进一步的研究.     

转型期妇产科医生实习质量提升对策

临床实习阶段是医学生到医生转型的关键时期,如何提高临床实习质量.本文作者认为建立新型的教学关系,高标准选择带教老师,年龄在35到50岁之间为佳,建立.双向交流"的教育方式;建立临床实习医生职业素养档案;建立实习岗前培训,增强风险意识;给予学生充分的实践机会以及采用多种措施弥补实习中的不足是切实有效的对策.