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面对身体与心灵的二元论困境,具身认知观开始以一种新的眼光去打量身体,并致力于将身体改造为一种具有超越能力的新的身体。但是,当根据一条纵向线索将具身认知观划分为温和的具身认知观和激进的具身认知观之后,上述新的身体在纵向上就呈现为两种身体样态。而且,通过对这两种身体样态的批判性反思,最终可以发现,具身认知观当前所实现出来的身体,与其说超越了二元论,不如说在二元论的思考框架下最大程度地强化了传统身体。 相似文献
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《四库全书总目》由于种种原因,存在着诸多问题。前辈学者对之已多所纠正。本文现就其子部释家类、道家类的疏漏和讹误,再补正若干则。 相似文献
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The isolated elements and variability effects of cognitive load theory were used to alter the element interactivity of Chinese characters when instructing novice learners (72 overseas students at a Chinese university) in writing characters using worked examples-practice procedures. A group of characters with more than eight strokes was disassembled into three individual components. Students were required to trace examples and practice writing of either similar sequences of isolated components followed by integrated components of full characters (Isolated–Integrated sequences); variable sequences of isolated followed by integrated components (Variability–Integrated sequences); or conventional Integrated–Integrated sequences of full characters. It was hypothesized that the fully integrated stroke-movements form of example-practice sequences would result in less learning due to a greater cognitive load. The results demonstrated that the participants in both the Isolated–Integrated and Variable–Integrated groups performed significantly better than the Integrated–Integrated group with the Variable–Integrated group outperforming the Isolated–Integrated group. 相似文献
97.
成人解决结构不良问题的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究探讨了成人解决结构不良问题的能力,依据研究者制定的认知发展水平评价系统,对被试的反应进行了分析处理,结果表明:从青少年后期到成年中期.个体解决结构不良问题的能力在不断发展。成年个体在结构不良问题解决过程中能更好地将认知和情绪过程整合起来,通过接受问题固有的不确定性重新限定问题空间。 相似文献
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Factor analysis is a popular statistical technique for multivariate data analysis. Developments in the structural equation modeling framework have enabled the use of hybrid confirmatory/exploratory approaches in which factor-loading structures can be explored relatively flexibly within a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) framework. Recently, Muthén & Asparouhov proposed a Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) approach to explore the presence of cross loadings in CFA models. We show that the issue of determining factor-loading patterns may be formulated as a Bayesian variable selection problem in which Muthén and Asparouhov's approach can be regarded as a BSEM approach with ridge regression prior (BSEM-RP). We propose another Bayesian approach, denoted herein as the Bayesian structural equation modeling with spike-and-slab prior (BSEM-SSP), which serves as a one-stage alternative to the BSEM-RP. We review the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of both approaches and compare their empirical performance relative to two modification indices-based approaches and exploratory factor analysis with target rotation. A teacher stress scale data set is used to demonstrate our approach. 相似文献
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Working memory (WM) and empathy are core issues in cognitive and social science, respectively. However, no study so far has explored the relationship between these two constructs. Considering that empathy takes place based on the others’ observed experiences, which requires extracting the observed dynamic scene into WM and forming a coherent representation, we hypothesized that a sub-type of WM capacity, i.e., WM for biological movements (BM), should predict one’s empathy level. Therefore, WM capacity was measured for three distinct types of stimuli in a change detection task: BM of human beings (BM; Experiment 1), movements of rectangles (Experiment 2), and static colors (Experiment 3). The first two stimuli were dynamic and shared one WM buffer which differed from the WM buffer for colors; yet only the BM conveyed social information. We found that BM-WM capacity was positively correlated with both cognitive and emotional empathy, with no such correlations for WM capacity of movements of rectangles or of colors. Thus, the current study is the first to provide evidence linking a specific buffer of WM and empathy, and highlights the necessity for considering different WM capacities in future social and clinical research. 相似文献