Double challenges: How working from home affects dual-earner couples’ work-family experiences

Against the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic, we draw on family systems theory to elucidate how daily work-from-home status (WFH) affects both members in dual-earner couples. We propose that the WFH exerts intra-individual and inter-individual influences on employees’ and their partners’ work task and family task completion and their subsequent reactions to their work and family experiences. We examined the hypothesized relationships with two daily survey studies on dual-earner couples conducted during the pandemic (i.e., 1,559 daily responses of 165 dual-earner couples from China in Study 1, and 773 daily responses of 57 dual-earner couples from South Korea in Study 2). The two studies provide converging results that working from home (vs. office) increased employees’ family task completion for both husbands and wives and that wives working from home (vs. office) decreased husbands’ family task completion. Further, in both studies, daily work task completion increased felt guilt toward family (for wives only) through increased work-family conflict, and daily family task completion increased psychological withdrawal from work through increased family-work conflict for both husbands and wives. Moreover, we found in Study 2 that on days when husbands had flexible work schedule, wives completed more work tasks when working from home (vs. office) and that on days when wives had inflexible work arrangement, husbands completed more family tasks when working from home (vs. office). Across the two studies, there were no clear gender-difference patterns in husbands’ and wives’ work and family experiences.     

Owning leads to valuing: Meta-analysis of the mere ownership effect

Mere ownership effect is the phenomenon that people tend to value what they own more than what they do not own. This classic effect is considered robust, yet effect sizes vary across studies, and the effect is often confused for or confounded with other classic phenomena, such as endowment or mere exposure effects. We conducted a pre-registered meta-analysis of 26 samples published before 2019 (N = 3024), which resulted in psychological ownership on valuing effect of g ∼ 0.57 [0.46, 0.69]. Suggestive moderator analyses supported the use of replica as the strongest moderators. Mere ownership effects were different from the null across all moderator categories and in most publication bias adjustments. We consider this as suggestive evidence that psychological owning leads to valuing, yet caution that much more research is needed. All materials, data, and codes are available on https://osf.io/fdyqw/ .     

The perceived vulnerability to disease scale: Cross-cultural measurement invariance and associations with fear of COVID-19 across 16 countries

Using cross-sectional data from N = 4274 young adults across 16 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) scale and tested the hypothesis that the association between PVD and fear of COVID-19 is stronger under high disease threat [that is, absence of COVID-19 vaccination, living in a country with lower Human Development Index (HDI) or higher COVID-19 mortality]. Results supported a bi-factor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling model where items loaded on a global PVD factor, and on the sub-factors of Perceived Infectability and Germ Aversion. However, cross-national invariance could only be obtained on the configural level with a reduced version of the PVD scale (PVD-r), suggesting that the concept of PVD may vary across nations. Moreover, higher PVD-r was consistently associated with greater fear of COVID-19 across all levels of disease threat, but this association was especially pronounced among individuals with a COVID-19 vaccine, and in contexts where COVID-19 mortality was high. The present research brought clarity into the dimensionality of the PVD measure, discussed its suitability and limitations for cross-cultural research, and highlighted the pandemic-related conditions under which higher PVD is most likely to go along with psychologically maladaptive outcomes, such as fear of COVID-19.     

拓扑性质知觉的大脑半球功能不对称性研究

本文以视觉的拓扑知觉理论为指导进行大脑半球功能不对称性的研究。全文共有三个实验,考察了辨别扭扑性质差异和其它几何性质差异时大脑半球的功能不对称性．拓扑性质差异包括洞（封闭性）的差异和内外关系的差异．实验结果显示：对于右利手被试,辨别拓扑性质差异时,左半球有优势。辨别距离和朝向等几何性质差异时,右半球有优势或没有统计显著的大脑半球功能不对称性。     

雏鸡左眼视剥夺不同时程后记忆形成过程与脑内Jun样蛋白表达差异的研究

本实验采用一次性味觉厌恶回避学习,研究２日龄雏鸡左眼视剥夺２４小时后的记忆形成过程,并与左眼视剥夺２小时后的记忆形成过程进行比较,同时利用免疫组化技术,观察并比较单眼视剥夺不同时程及单眼学习后Ｊｕｎ样蛋白在雏鸡脑内不同区域（ＨＶ和ＬＰＯ）的表达。结果表明：１．视剥夺左眼２４小时后对雏鸡的短时记忆、中时记忆和长时记忆均无明显影响,但中时记忆保持水平略低于双眼学习条件下的中时记忆保持水平。这与视剥夺２     

卡车驾驶员视觉选择性注意研究

采用注意力测验量表,对２８０名男性卡车驾驶员的视觉选择性注意进行了测量。研究发现：事故组与安全组卡车驾驶员的完成时间、漏划数和平均每秒正确删数有很显著差异,错划数有显著差异;事故多发组与安全组卡车驾驶员的完成时间和平均每秒删数有很显著差异,错划数有显著差异;年龄对卡车驾驶员的视觉选择性注意有显著影响,随着年龄的增加,卡车驾驶员完成视觉选择性注意作业的时间增长,漏划数和错划数增多,平均每秒正确删数减少,而４０－５０岁则是卡车驾驶员视觉选择性注意速度和准确性下降的转折点。     

图形辨别的负荷实验研究

本实验用IBM PC/XT计算机对30名青年人和9名中年人进行图形辨别负荷实验。结果表明:(1)同时呈现的图形数量(任务困难度)、允许辨别的时间(时间忙碌程度)和年龄都是影响被试业绩的因素。(2)在需辨别的图形数较多且有辨别速度要求的任务中,不宜选用中年人。(3)通过实验求出青年人图形辨别经验公式Y=De~(B/X),D(N)=183.1441-2.3206N 0.0249N~2,B(N)=-2.0379-0.1427N 0.0008N~2。据此公式可求出在此情境下,对一定数量的图形(N),在一定时间限定内(X)的图形正确辨别率(Y)。     

无边界职涯背景下的离职:重回决策者中心

离职曾被视作组织中的"问题"而受到学术界的重视。传统离职研究更关注通过改变员工的态度来减少离职,进而降低离职对组织产生的负面影响,具有鲜明的组织立场。然而离职的本质是员工个体的决策。无边界职业生涯背景下,面对更加多样化的生涯选择,员工在离职决策中的主体性更加凸显,离职研究需要重回决策者中心,重新聚焦决策者:(1)以决策者为中心探讨离职影响因素;(2)探讨决策者制定离职决策的内在过程;(3)关注员工离职的实际行为及后果。