马克思主义和人本心理学

美国人本主义心理学,就其关于人的价值的观点而论,可以说主要是从心理学角度对人的本质及其实现问题的研究。这当然并不是一个新问题。早在一个多世纪以前,马克思就曾从哲学、心理学和经济学角度对此进行过系统的探讨。     

Friendship patterns of overseas students: A functional model1

The respondents were 30 foreign students at the University of Hawaii (6 each from Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand), and 6 host national (American) students, balanced for sex. The subjects identified their 5 best friends, and the 5 people with whom they spend most of their time. The subjects were then presented with a list of 15 activities, and identified a preferred companion for each of the situations. The data were used to test a functional model of the academic sojourn, which predicts that foreign students will belong to three social networks, in descending order of salience: a) a conational network whose function is to affirm and express the culture of origin; b) a network with host nationals, whose function is the instrumental facilitation of academic and professional aspirations; and c) a multinational network whose main function is recreational. The results confirmed the existence, predicted differential function, and salience hierarchy of these three social networks, and reconciled previous conflicting reports regarding the social relations of foreign students.     

The sex by race interaction in cognitive measures

Data consisting of 79 cognitive measures from Project TALENT for 100,000 white and black high school students have been analyzed for possible race by sex interactions. Control variables included geographical area, grade in high school, and socio-economic class. Race by sex interactions are largest when socioeconomic class is controlled and are highly related to the size of the main effect of sex as well. White boys and girls differ more than black boys and girls whether the overall sex difference favors males or females. Sex by grade and, to a lesser extent, sex by area interactions were also moderately large and consistent with the size of the main effect of sex. Since there are no consistent relationships with other main effects, and since the measures producing sex differences also tend to produce the interactions, it is concluded that sex differences and the interactions with sex share the same causes. Differences between these results and those of Jensen are also discussed.     

庆祝宗教文化出版社、中国宗教杂志社成立十周年座谈会在京举行

7月29日,庆祝中国宗教杂志社、宗教文化出版社成立十周年座谈会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。全国人大常委会副委员长、中国天主教爱国会主席、中国天主教主教团代主席傅铁山,国家宗教事务局局长叶小文,副局长王作安、齐晓飞、蒋坚永,中国佛教协会会长一诚、副会长圣辉、净慧、学     

全身性感染与Toll样受体2、4相关性研究进展

全身性感染是由感染所致的临床综合征,Toll样受体(TLR)导致的体内信号传导,使炎症反应级联放大,以及诱发机体免疫功能紊乱,致使机体对病原体清除效率降低.因此,阻断TLR传导通路可能会抑制全身性感染发生和发展的进程.     

《我为什么是无神论者》一书述评（二）

作者欧黑尔是“让美国人停下脚步，审视他们价值观的无神论者”。本书陈述了她的无神论不但是消极的，否认神、灵魂和天堂地狱等宗教主要元素的真实性，而且是积极的，展示一种非宗教的生活方式，依靠人类自己的力量创造大家共同的幸福生活。她的无神论以唯物主义为哲学基础，认为宗教的世界观是唯心主义的：她为唯物主义者辩诬．表述了唯物主义的基本特征及其优越性。以其主张政教分离的观念鲜明而坚定．曾推动美国最高法院判决在公立学校里限制宗教活动．因此也受到种种诅咒。     

全面理解马克思主义的宗教政策（一）

马克思和恩格斯创立的马克思主义宗教观，包括宗教理论和宗教政策两部分，是中国共产党正确认识和处理宗教问题的思想基础。马克思主义的宗教政策．是马克思和恩格斯根据人类历史发展规律和马克思主义的宗教理论制定的服务于无产阶级和全人类解放事业的专项政策体系。其直接的理论支点是无产阶级的宗教人权观，其基本内容包括彻底实行宗教信仰自由政策和坚持进行唯物主义和无神论宣传教育两个方面．既反对用行政手段取缔和限制宗教信仰自由的极左路线．又反对放弃唯物主义和无神论宣传教育的右倾机会主义。全面理解马克思主义的宗教政策．对于深入理解中国特色社会主义宗教理论，坚持中国共产党对待宗教问题的科学原则．具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

芭特勒对萨特身体观的阅读探析

美国哲学家茱迪恩·芭特勒认为连串理所当然地跟性相关的论述,同时存有化了及固定化了物质性的身体.芭特勒阅读波伏娃的<第二性>,认为这并非就是萨特的<存在与虚无>于女性问题或处境上的应用.波伏娃曾说意识存在于一个人的身体当中,并且在文化的脉胳里,参与形成一个人的性别.芭特勒认为对萨特身体哲学的理解,在很多方面都能提高我们对波伏娃思想的欣赏,并认定她是一个具原创性的思想家.     

Are high levels of religiosity inconsistent with a high valuation of science? Evidence from the United States,China and Iran

We asked whether high levels of religiosity are inconsistent with a high valuation of science. We explored this possibility in three countries that diverge markedly in the relation between the state and religion. Parents in the United States (n = 126), China (n = 234) and Iran (n = 77) completed a survey about their personal and parental stance towards science. The relation between religiosity and the valuation of science varied sharply by country. In the U.S. sample, greater religiosity was associated with a lower valuation of science. A similar but weaker negative relation was found in the Chinese sample. Parents in the Iranian sample, by contrast, valued science highly, despite high levels of religiosity. Given the small size of our United States and Iranian samples, and the non-probabilistic nature of our samples in general, we caution readers not to generalise our findings beyond the current samples. Despite this caveat, these findings qualify the assumption that religiosity is inconsistent with the valuation of science and highlight the role of sociocultural context in shaping adults' perception of the relation between religion and science.     

From Implicit Theories to Creative Achievements: The Mediating Role of Creativity Motivation in the Relationship between Stereotypes,Growth Mindset,and Creative Achievement

Research has demonstrated that implicit theories of creativity are crucial in shaping an individual’s behavior and real‐life decisions toward being creative. The present study proposed and examined the underlying mechanisms of how two kinds of implicit theories—the growth mindset of the creative self and the stereotype of creative others—are associated with creative achievements through the mediating role of creativity motivation. Participants were 606 undergraduate students who were enrolled in an education major in two universities in China. Overall, the study found that Chinese students held a positive image toward a creative student, regarding him or her as highly competent, warm, and popular. Student perceptions of a creative other were positively related to their growth mindset of creativity. Moreover, results verified both the mediating role of creativity motivation on growth mindset, as well as the effect of positive stereotyping of the creative other on students’ creative achievement. These findings point to promising creativity motivation strategies including the cultivation of a malleable view of creativity and of creative role models, that may, in turn, promote creative achievement by encouraging students to do, learn, and accomplish new things.