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131.
Chinese children's imaginary companions: Relations with peer relationships and social competence
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Qiyi Lin Hong Fu Yingjia Wan Nan Zhou Hui Xu 《International journal of psychology》2018,53(5):388-396
We investigated relationships between Chinese children's imaginary companions (ICs) and peer relationships and social competence in 160 children, aged 5–6 years old. Children and their mothers participated in the interviews regarding the details of the children's ICs, including the type of the companion and the quality of the child–IC relationship. Peer relationships were assessed using sociometric nomination and perceived popularity nomination. Teachers rated children's social competence. Here, 55 children (34.3%) were deemed to have engaged in imaginary companion play. There was no relationship between imaginary companion types and child–IC relationship qualities. Children with invisible friends received more positive nominations than children with personified objects. Children with egalitarian relationships received more positive nominations and popularity nominations, but fewer negative nominations and unpopularity nominations than children with hierarchical relationships. Compared with children with hierarchical relationships, teachers rated the children with egalitarian relationships higher in social competence. The results suggest that imaginary companion types and relationship qualities may represent different dimensions of imaginary companions, calling attentions to the different mechanisms underlying imaginary companion types and relationship qualities with respect to social functioning. 相似文献
132.
Contesting Chineseness: An Examination of Religion and National Identity in Mainland China
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For citizens of many countries around the world, religion is a necessary—though often contested—component of their national identity. From the vantage point of the symbolic boundaries approach, we argue that the Chinese government and various other social actors are in contestation to define “Chineseness” in religious terms. Using data from the 2007 Spiritual Life Study of Chinese Residents, this study explores the extent to which religion functions as a constitutive part of Chinese national identity. We find that the effectiveness of the Chinese government's demarcation of the symbolic boundaries around Chineseness related to religion varies across religious groups. Believers of each religion are likely to be strong advocates for their own religion's connection to Chinese national identity. Among the religions, traditional Chinese religions tend to demonstrate a stronger affinity with one another than with Christianity. Daoists are a particularly strong contestant in aligning Daoism with Chineseness, to the extent that they discredit the other religions’ suitability for the Chinese. We discuss the implications of these findings and point out directions for future research. 相似文献
133.
This study examined (1) the relative prevalence of childhood abuse and other pathological childhood experiences in China reported by outpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), with other personality disorders, and without personality disorders; and, (2) whether the primary predictors of BPD in North America are associated with the development of BPD in China. The childhood experiences of 203 outpatients with BPD, 109 outpatients with other personality disorders, and 70 outpatients without Axis II diagnoses were assessed with the Chinese version of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q). Patients with BPD reported significantly more physical, emotional, and sexual abuse than either comparison group. Four types of childhood experiences were significant predictors of BPD: maternal neglect, paternal antipathy, sexual abuse, and maternal physical abuse. The findings suggest that maternal physical abuse is as strong a predictor of BPD in China as sexual abuse, a finding not replicated in North America. 相似文献
134.
Bi Zhu Chuansheng Chen Elizabeth F. Loftus Qinghua He Chunhui Chen Xuemei Lei Chongde Lin Qi Dong 《Applied cognitive psychology》2012,26(2):301-307
Do false memories last? And do they last as long as true ones? This study investigated whether experimentally created false memories would persist for an extended period (one and a half years). A large number of subjects (N = 342) participated in a standard three‐stage misinformation procedure (saw the event slides, read the narrations with misinformation, and then took the memory tests). The initial tests showed that misinformation led to a significant amount of false memory. One and a half years later, the participants were tested again. About half of the misinformation false memory persisted, which was the same rate as for true memory. These results strongly suggest that brief exposure to misinformation can lead to long‐term false memory and that the strength of memory trace was similar for true and false memories. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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136.
基本药物制度实施后,药品价格降低,医保报销比例增加,有利于吸引患者到社区医疗机构就诊,促进了首诊制发展,但由于基本药物种类有限,居民用药习惯以及财政补偿不到位等都影响了基层卫生机构的功能发挥,不利于首诊制的发展.基本药物制度在实施中要不断完善,最终达到与首诊制共同发展的双赢局面. 相似文献
137.
本文针对1例伴心脑血管疾病的老年患者行半髋关节置换术的麻醉方案进行循证分析.首先,笔者评估该患者术前的生理情况,对围术期可能出现的棘手问题进行预测.然后,针对如何科学地看待上述问题,进行证据检索和评价.最后,根据循证依据为该患者选择理想的麻醉方式. 相似文献
138.
姚嘉 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2012,33(4):60-62
低治愈率患者受到医疗损害后,难以依照传统因果关系理论证明其最终损害与医疗过失行为间存在因果关系,故无法得到赔偿.在我国现行法律框架内,可转换最终损害概念,借鉴国外“期待权理论”处理相关问题.但“生存可能性”是统计学结论,若具体患者生存可能性实际并未降低,被告的侵权损害责任不能成立. 相似文献
139.
李杰 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2012,33(8)
老年股骨粗隆间骨折的手术治疗正在逐步被接受,手术方法也因为骨折具体情况有多种选择,本文对老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床特点、内固定选择、围手术期注意事项进行阐述,为临床治疗提供帮助. 相似文献
140.
颜婕 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2012,33(17):55-57
我国医患关系由“互信、尊重、理解、接受”变化到近年来的多元化.“互信、尊重、理解、接受”依然是我国医患关系的主流,但亦出现了“猜疑、轻视、迷茫、否认”等现象.通过对近年来的不和谐医患关系现象的分析描述,可知不和谐医患关系产生的原因为医学科学技术处于发展阶段的必然,我国卫生法制的相对滞后,国人固有的思维定势和科学知识思想的博弈. 相似文献