Priming global and local processing of composite faces: revisiting the processing-bias effect on face perception

We used the composite-face illusion and Navon stimuli to determine the consequences of priming local or global processing on subsequent face recognition. The composite-face illusion reflects the difficulty of ignoring the task-irrelevant half-face while attending the task-relevant half if the half-faces in the composite are aligned. On each trial, participants first matched two Navon stimuli, attending to either the global or the local level, and then matched the upper halves of two composite faces presented sequentially. Global processing of Navon stimuli increased the sensitivity to incongruence between the upper and the lower halves of the composite face, relative to a baseline in which the composite faces were not primed. Local processing of Navon stimuli did not influence the sensitivity to incongruence. Although incongruence induced a bias toward different responses, this bias was not modulated by priming. We conclude that global processing of Navon stimuli augments holistic processing of the face.     

俞大维学习数理逻辑和梵文的背景——哈佛大学哲学系黄金时代一段学术因缘

俞大维生于官宦世家,是晚清名臣曾国藩的曾外孙,民国时期先后担任驻德商务调查部主任、军政部兵工署署长、交通部长诸要职,对中国国防建设贡献极多,被尊为“兵工之父”。1949年后,他出任台湾当局“国防部长”,退职后任“总统府资政”,一生为官清廉,生活俭朴,深受世人尊敬。他去世前皈依佛门,振动一时。本文根据中外文新旧材料,对俞大维早年在美国哈佛大学和德国柏林大学学习哲学、数理逻辑、梵文、印度学和佛学的经历,做了一个比较可信的叙述,又对俞大维入学之前哈佛大学哲学系师生热心研究数理逻辑和梵文的学术传统做了一番考辨,以纪念我国近代史上这位不忮不求的国士和智者。     

Correction to: Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting: Developing EFL Learners’ Reading Fluency Components

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research -     

依附论者对南北经济关系理论思考

从20世纪50年代开始,依附论者便对导致世界上富国与穷国之间贫富悬殊形成与扩大的原因进行了很有特色的分析和研究.60年代,一些依附伦者又以拉美地区的具体材料,对这一问题进行了更为深入的探讨.70年代以后,依附论者已不再满足于仅以拉美地区的资料来说明问题,而是从整个世界范围的角度和亚洲、非洲殖民地的资料来进一步阐明他们的观点,并对南北经济关系存在与发展提出了自己独到的见解,为推动现代化理论和殖民主义史研究做出了积极的贡献.     

The reconfiguration of task set has no effect on the efficiency of feature search

In this study, we investigated whether or not the reconfiguration of a set task could modulate the efficiency of feature search. In Experiment 1, target set size was manipulated. The results revealed that enumerating targets defined by color yields a much steeper slope when executed simultaneously with a discrimination task than when done singly. However, when distractor set size was manipulated, there was no significant difference in the efficiency of individualizing targets from distractors between the two task conditions, no matter whetherthe search was guided by bottom-up information (Experiment 2) or top-down information (Experiment 3). Drawing upon these results, the authors propose that (1) an additional task can impair the efficiency of enumeration, resulting in a steep slope of counting even when target set size is quite small, and (2) in feature search, the visual system first reconfigures the task set to match the input feature information and then detects the targets with an optimal efficiency, which does not support the theory proposed by Di Lollo, Kawahara, Zuvic, and Visser (2001; Di Lollo, Smilek, Kawahara, & Ghorashi, 2005).     

《管子》天论浅析

《管子》“天”的含义有至上神、自然神以及运行变化有自身规律的自然之天。基于这种认识,天人关系表现为一是社会现象与自然现象的直接的因果关系的“天人感应”;二是人效法、顺从“天道”,利用自然规律,发挥主观能动性,主宰自然,这在当时是具有进步意义的思想。它在先秦的天论思想发展中起到了承上启下的作用。     

代词歧义消解中隐含意义的理解

通过两个眼动实验考察了在代词歧义消解中人们如何根据语境并利用语用知识理解隐含意义.实验一以24个语篇为实验材料,采用单因素两水平重复测量设计.结果表明间接方式下关键句阅读时间较长.实验二采用同样的实验设计,结果表明脱离语篇语境的关键句在不同条件下阅读时间相当.实验结果支持隐含意义的理解在句子加工的早期就已开始的联结主义观点.     

阴阳五行学说是中华民族理性与智慧的结晶——从《黄帝内经·素问》的角度考察

阴阳学说与五行学说是中国古典哲学中的一对特殊概念,后来应用到社会生活的众多领域。考察其形成、发展演变的历史,我们认为它们并非玄之又玄的东西,而是历代先民对自然现象中的规律的抽象与总结,闪烁着中华民族理性与智慧的光辉,指引着后人认识自然的道路。     

视觉工作记忆中基于客体的存储机制：来自ERPs的证据

该研究以简单形状和颜色构成的客体为材料,采用延迟匹配范式,通过记录事件相关电位,以反映工作记忆表征与知觉输入间冲突的N270为指标,就视觉工作记忆中的客体存储机制进行了探讨。结果发现,无关维度特征变化与目标维度特征变化均可诱发N270。该结果表明,视觉工作记忆对客体目标特征进行存储时,无关特征亦自动得到选择加工,支持基于客体的存储说。