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Previous researchers have tried to understand in what situations people feel gratitude and indebtedness in response to other people helping them, and have found that benefit value, helper effort, helper obligation, and helper intention were all important. However, helper intentions are not always clear. We gave Chinese participants helping vignettes and tested how they inferred helpers' ambiguous intentions. Study 1 found that helper effort significantly influenced how they infer intentions, but benefit value and helper obligation did not. Study 2 replicated the effect of helper effort and found that more effort led participants to infer that the helper was more motivated by utilitarian interests. Study 3 focused on what type of relationship the helper had with the participants, and found that closeness led participants to infer more benevolent intentions and less utilitarian intentions. 相似文献
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Yiqun Gan Yao Wen Jiaying Wang Marcus A. Rodriguez Xinling Gong XiaoFei Xie 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2014,17(4):264-276
The current study examined the function of expressive suppression among Chinese rescue medical staff following a major earthquake. We administered self‐report questionnaires to (1) a sample of Chinese hospital medical staff (n = 305) who assisted victims of the Sichuan earthquake, and (2) a second sample of Chinese hospital medical staff (n = 149) who had not been exposed to a major stressor. To examine possible interaction effects among differing emotion regulation strategies, we also conducted structured interviews with a subset of rescue medical staff to obtain support for a positive function of expressive suppression and a mediating role of positive reappraisal. Structural equation modelling indicated that expressive suppression was associated with higher levels of job engagement and lower levels of job burnout among the rescue medical staff and that these effects were mediated by positive reappraisal. However, for regular medical staff (not exposed to traumatic stress), expressive suppression was associated with higher levels of both job engagement and job burnout; these effects were mediated by acceptance. These results provide preliminary evidence for the positive role of expressive suppression within Chinese culture. 相似文献
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Although the adaptive function of future orientation has been demonstrated, whether an individual's orientation toward the future regulates emotions to cope with future stressors remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the emotion regulation function of future orientation in a goal-related stressful situation. Eighty participants were randomly assigned to an experiment group or a control group. The experiment group was primed by a future-oriented manipulation, whereas the control group was primed by a neutral condition; then, both groups performed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). The results showed that the experiment group exhibited reduced negative mood, increased positive mood, and a lower peak cortisol level after the TSST task. In conclusion, future orientation is considered an effective approach to regulate future emotions in response to stress. Our results render insights to developing strategies in coping with occupational stress. 相似文献
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Temporal Doppler Effect and Future Orientation: Adaptive Function and Moderating Conditions
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The objectives of this study were to examine whether the temporal Doppler effect exists in different time intervals and whether certain individual and environmental factors act as moderators of the effect. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we examined the existence of the temporal Doppler effect and the moderating effect of future orientation among 139 university students (Study 1), and then the moderating conditions of the temporal Doppler effect using two independent samples of 143 and 147 university students (Studies 2 and 3). Results indicated that the temporal Doppler effect existed in all of our studies, and that future orientation moderated the temporal Doppler effect. Further, time interval perception mediated the relationship between future orientation and the motivation to cope at long time intervals. Finally, positive affect was found to enhance the temporal Doppler effect, whereas control deprivation did not influence the effect. The temporal Doppler effect is moderated by the personality trait of future orientation and by the situational variable of experimentally manipulated positive affect. We have identified personality and environmental processes that could enhance the temporal Doppler effect, which could be valuable in cases where attention to a future task is necessary. 相似文献
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Previous research on meaning in life and coping has generally been focused on reactive coping strategies and global meaning judgments. To extend this, the present study used a daily diary method to collect longitudinal data, and examined whether individuals’ daily meaning in life predicted use of proactive coping techniques and whether this relationship was mediated by positive affect. Adults (n = 132) completed a diary to track their meaning in life and positive affect every day for 21 consecutive days. Global levels of meaning in life, positive affect, and proactive coping were measured both at baseline and after the daily reporting phase ended. Hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated that daily meaning in life was a positive predictor of daily positive affect. Furthermore, combined latent growth curve and structural equation models indicated that the rate of change in daily meaning in life predicted change in proactive coping over the course of the study, and that this relationship was mediated by change in positive affect. The mediational effect of positive affect in the relationship between meaning in life and proactive coping was also verified by the reported global levels of these variables. These findings suggest that meaning in life may play an important role in coping with future life stress. Our discussion centers on the positive functions of meaning in life and the mechanisms of the predictive relationship of meaning in life in terms of proactive coping. 相似文献
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甘绍平 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(3):370-384
The concept of human dignity and the relationship between dignity and human rights have been important subjects in contemporary
international academia. This article first analyzes the different understandings of the concept of dignity, which has left
great influences in history (including the “theory of attribution-dignity”, the “theory of autonomy-dignity” or the “theory
of moral completeness/achievement-dignity”, and the “theory of end-in-itself-dignity”); it then exposes the obvious defects
of these modes of understanding; finally, it tries to define dignity as a moral right to be free from insult. Meanwhile, the
relationship between human dignity and human rights is clarified as a result of this research: Rather than being the foundation
of human rights, human dignity is one of human rights. The idea of dignity nevertheless has a particular status in ethics
in that it embodies a kind of core moral concern, representing a basic demand rooted in the human self or individuality, and
hence representing an important aspect of human rights. We may anticipate that sooner or later, the idea of human dignity
will become, together with other human rights, the only intangible cultural heritage of human society.
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Translated by Zhang Lin from Zhexue yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Researches), 2008, (6): 85–92 相似文献
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该研究对赣州监狱成年男性服刑人员进行父母教养方式(EMBU)问卷的测试。结果表明,家庭教方式是犯罪倾向性获得的心理机制,影响着个体认知图式的形成,对犯罪性获得产生普遍性的影响;影响犯罪的严重程度;父亲因子更多在一般犯罪性层面发挥作用,而母亲因子会影响犯罪的特殊倾向;家庭结构因素要通过家庭功能因素对犯罪发生作用。结论是:不良的教养方式对犯罪性的获得产生深刻的影响。 相似文献