震后青少年创伤后应激障碍与社会支持、人格的关系

采用问卷调查法对地震地区933名中学生进行调查,考察青少年创伤后应激障碍的状况,并探讨社会支持在人格与创伤后应激障碍之间的调节作用。结果表明：（1）震后六个月,约67.6%的青少年患有PTSD或部分PTSD。（2）大五人格特质中的神经质对事件影响量表总分以及唤醒、侵扰、逃避均有预测作用;宜人性对事件影响量表总分、侵扰、唤醒有预测作用。验证了社会支持在大五人格与逃避、人格与唤醒、人格与事件影响量表总分间调节效应显著的结论。     

A dissociation between causal judgment and outcome recall

It has been suggested that causal learning in humans is similar to Pavlovian conditioning in animals. According to this view, judgments of cause reflect the degree to which an association exists between the cause and the effect. Inferential accounts, by contrast, suggest that causal judgments are reasoning based rather than associative in nature. We used a direct measure of associative strength, identification of the outcome with which a cause was paired (cued recall), to see whether associative strength translated directly into causal ratings. Causal compounds AB+ and CD+ were intermixed with A+ and C- training. Cued-recall performance was better for cue B than for cue D; thus, associative strength was inherited by cue B from the strongly associated cue A (augmentation). However, the reverse was observed on the causal judgment measure: Cue B was judged to be less causal than D (cue competition). These results support an inferential over an associative account of causal judgments.     

闽侯县农村居民的宗教信仰与宗教体验——兼与全国汉族地区调查数据比较

通过对福建省闽侯县调查数据与全国数据的比较分析发现,福建省闽侯县农村居民自认为自己是宗教徒的比例是全国平均数的3.4倍,他们还认为自己所信仰的宗教是佛教或道教,但实际上他们大多是民间信仰的信徒。汉民族的宗教信仰可分为制度化宗教与泛化宗教信仰两大部分,闽侯县农村居民大部分人都是泛化宗教信仰者,泛化宗教的影响力超过制度化宗教的影响力。闽侯居民的宗教信仰具有功利主义特色,宗教体验缺乏神圣性,不关注彼岸世界,相信因果报应与运气,但不迷信也不沉溺于宿命论,具有积极的进取精神,对生活满意度自我感觉较高。     

The Sequential Model of Future-Oriented Coping and Adjustment to University Life: The Role of Attitudes as Further Evidence

The Psychological Record - The objectives of the present study were to develop the University Life Implicit Association Test (IAT) and to explore the role of implicit and explicit attitudes in the...     

In situ characterization of the martensitic transformation temperature of NiTi shape memory alloys via instrumented microindentation

A novel, instrumented microindentation technique was successfully used to measure the temperature associated with the martensitic transformation leading to the recovery of plastic strain in a Nickel–Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy. Following a standard indentation cycle, the indenter was partially unloaded such that a good contact was maintained between indenter and specimen surface. The onset and finish temperature of the martensitic transformation, the associated volume contraction, and the amount of the recovered plastic deformation were determined by quantifying the indenter displacement as a function of temperature. These experiments were compared to conventional measurements of the transformation temperature by differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing.     

论契约主义伦理学

The ethics of contract theory is a school with a major impact on the ethical circles of the contemporary era. By explaining the relations of the ethics of contract theory to interests and rationality,and expounding the moral meanings of the ethics of contract theory self,this paper tries to present not only the competitive advantage of the traditional ethics of contract theory but also its theoretical defects,and elaborate how D. Hume and D. Gauthier make improvements on contract theory. On this basis the p...     

马克思哲学的实践生存论内蕴

“哲学家们只是用不同的方式解释世界,问题在于改变世界。”[1]马克思的这句话至少有三层含义,第一,以“解释世界”为宗旨的近代哲学,秉承形而上学思维方式,局限于认识论领域来谈主客体的同一性,它对存在的理解是无根的。以“改造世界”为宗旨的马克思哲学奠基于实践基石,着眼于实践来理解人的存在,理解人与自然的关系,从而找到了人与感性世界同一性的真正基础,它对存在的理解则是有根的。第二,不能满足于在理论范围内谈现实问题,把现实问题仅仅归结为观念问题,而要着眼于“改变世界”,因为理论的根在现实之中,理论的问题仅仅在自身之内是解…     

Effects of social isolation and environmental enrichment on atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice

Social support and a stimulating environment have been suggested to reduce stress reactions and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to assess the role of environmental enrichment and social interaction for development of atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis prone mice. Male ApoE-/- mice were divided into four groups and followed during 20 weeks: (i) enriched environment (E, n=12), (ii) deprived environment (ED, n=12), (iii) enriched environment with exercise (E-Ex, n=12) and (iv) socially deprived by individual housing (SD, n=10). Plasma lipid and cytokine concentrations were measured. Atherosclerosis was quantified in cross-sections of innominate artery and en face in thoracic aorta. Plaque area was significantly increased in SD mice in the innominate artery (P<0.05 vs. all other groups), but not in the thoracic aorta. Plasma lipids were increased in SD mice (P<0.001 vs. all for total cholesterol, P<0.05 vs. E and P<0.01 vs. ED for triglycerides). Plasma concentration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was decreased in SD mice compared to E mice (P<0.05). Thus, social isolation increased atherosclerosis and plasma lipids in ApoE-/- mice. Reduction in plasma G-CSF levels may hamper endothelial regeneration in the atherosclerotic process. While environmental enrichment did not affect atherosclerosis, social isolation accelerated atherosclerosis.     

道德具身认知的理论研究*

具身认知作为一种新兴思潮,强调身体经验及身体与环境的相互作用对于个体抽象概念及认知的作用。从具身认知的角度出发,考察身体和道德认知加工的关系已成为现今道德心理学和神经科学的研究热点。本文结合以往道德具身认知研究,介绍了概念隐喻理论、知觉符号理论、模拟感觉运动隐喻理论和进化理论四种道德具身认知理论,讨论并分析了现有理论研究中存在的矛盾与问题。未来的研究可在多文化背景下进行,并依靠认知神经科学技术对道德的具身认知机制进行更深入的探究。