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941.
Galen Joseph Mary S. Beattie Robin Lee Dejana Braithwaite Carolina Wilcox Maya Metrikin Kate Lamvik Judith Luce 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(5):447-462
The Cancer Risk Education Intervention Tool (CREdIT) is a computer-based (non-interactive) slide presentation designed to educate low-literacy, and ethnically and racially diverse
public hospital patients at risk of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) about genetics. To qualitatively evaluate
participants’ experience with and perceptions of a genetic education program as an adjunct to genetic counseling, we conducted
direct observations of the intervention, semi-structured in person interviews with 11 women who viewed CREdIT, and post-counseling
questionnaires with the two participating genetic counselors. Five themes emerged from the analysis of interviews: (1) genetic
counseling and testing for breast/ovarian cancer was a new concept; (2) CREdIT’s story format was particularly appealing;
(3) changes in participants’ perceived risk for breast cancer varied; (4) some misunderstandings about individual risk and
heredity persisted after CREdIT and counseling; (5) the context for viewing CREdIT shaped responses to the presentation. Observations
demonstrated ways to make the information provided in CREdIT and by genetic counselors more consistent. In a post-session
counselor questionnaire, counselors’ rating of the patient’s preparedness before the session was significantly higher for
patients who viewed CREdIT prior to their appointments than for other patients. This novel educational tool fills a gap in
HBOC education by tailoring information to women of lower literacy and diverse ethnic/racial backgrounds. The tool was well
received by interview participants and counselors alike. Further study is needed to examine the varied effects of CREdIT on
risk perception. In addition, the implementation of CREdIT in diverse clinical settings and the cultural adaptation of CREdIT
to specific populations reflect important areas for future work. 相似文献
942.
Researchers have operationalized communal and exchange relationship perceptions as either mutually exclusive categories or opposite ends of a continuum. This research conceptualizes these relationships as distinct constructs that should be measured separately. We develop multi-item measures of communal and exchange relationship perceptions and find that they are actually positively correlated. We also examine the way communal and exchange relationship perceptions combine to influence intrinsic, extrinsic, and social motivations to donate, a category stipulated in economics, but not in psychology. We find that both relationship perceptions influence consumer attitudes toward donating through a mix of intrinsic, extrinsic, and social motivations. 相似文献
943.
Cheryl K. Stenmark Alison L. Antes Laura E. Martin Zhanna Bagdasarov James F. Johnson Lynn D. Devenport Michael D. Mumford 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2010,8(4):285-300
This project examined the ethical issues faced by academics and professionals in the Humanities. We conducted focus groups
to gather information about the ethical concerns in these fields and used the qualitative data arising from the discussions
to create a taxonomy that represents the structure of ethical issues in the Humanities. A key implication of our findings
is that while the focus of ethics research and interventions has been primarily on the sciences and engineering, academics
and professionals in other fields also encounter some unique critical ethical dilemmas that require further research and methods
of intervention. 相似文献
944.
Lorraine Johnson Raphael B Stricker 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2010,5(1):9
Flawed clinical practice guidelines may compromise patient care. Commercial conflicts of interest on panels that write treatment
guidelines are particularly problematic, because panelists may have conflicting agendas that influence guideline recommendations.
Historically, there has been no legal remedy for conflicts of interest on guidelines panels. However, in May 2008, the Attorney
General of Connecticut concluded a ground-breaking antitrust investigation into the development of Lyme disease treatment
guidelines by one of the largest medical societies in the United States, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
Although the investigation found significant flaws in the IDSA guidelines development process, the subsequent review of the
guidelines mandated by the settlement was compromised by a lack of impartiality at various stages of the IDSA review process.
This article will examine the interplay between the recent calls for guidelines reform, the ethical canons of medicine, and
due process considerations under antitrust laws as they apply to the formulation of the IDSA Lyme disease treatment guidelines.
The article will also discuss pitfalls in the implementation of the IDSA antitrust settlement that should be avoided in the
future. 相似文献
945.
Using reflective practice to explore the origins and consequences of cultural and faith perspectives
Helen Johnson 《International Journal of Children's Spirituality》2005,10(2):203-206
The intention of the symposium is to allow individual voices to speak for themselves and to display their unmediated autobiographical narratives, albeit within a theoretical framework suggested by Part 2 of the Editorial. However, this snowball sample has thrown up some commonalties. So, the third and final part of the Editorial will attempt to point out some of these similarities. From a variety of viewpoints and positions and expressed in different styles of autobiographical narratives, the voices record a sophisticated awareness of the religious traditions discussed; a questioning of substance and loyalty that in one case resulted in a moving from one faith to another; and a display of religious and social values that travel with the individual to be tried and tested in a number of demanding contexts. Impotantly, it would seem that the individuals themselves selected what they would use in the formation of their own personal and professional identities. 相似文献
946.
Me, myself, and lie: The role of self-awareness in deception 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Amanda K. Johnson Allyson Barnacz Toko Yokkaichi Jennifer Rubio Connie Racioppi Todd K. Shackelford Maryanne L. Fisher Julian Paul Keenan 《Personality and individual differences》2005,38(8):1847-1853
Deception has been studied extensively but still little is known about individual differences in deception ability. We investigated the relationship between self-awareness and deception ability. We enlisted novice actors to portray varying levels of deception. Forty-two undergraduates viewed the videotaped portrayals and rated the actors’ believability. Actors with high private self-awareness were more effective deceivers, suggesting that high self-monitors are more effective at deceiving. Self-awareness may lead to knowledge of another’s mental state (i.e., Theory of Mind), which may improve an individual’s deception ability. 相似文献
947.
948.
Situational last name use was examined in a sample of 600 married women who responded to a mail survey. The sample was selected from the faculty and staff of a state university in the Midwest with over-sampling of women whose last name differed from their husband’s last name. Overall, 12% of married women reported situational last name use. Women from all last name choices (e.g., changed to husband’s, kept birth surname) reported situational surname use, but the most common occurrence of this practice was among hyphenators. Situational users were most likely to use their husband’s last name in family situations and their birth surname in professional situations. Factors that increase situational last name use included full-time employment, higher levels of educational attainment, and an older age at marriage. Situational last name use by married women can be seen as a manifestation of ambiguity over identity with family and non-family roles. 相似文献
949.
Abstract. We explore the role of meditative practice in cultivating experiences of compassion, empathy, and altruism and address an apparent paradox: Meditation often is associated with solitary retreat, if not preoccupation with one's own concerns. How, then, does such a practice promote compassion for others? We propose a two‐stage model. The first stage involves disengagement from usual preoccupation with self‐reinforcing, self‐defeating, or self‐indulgent behaviors and reactions; the second involves a focused engagement with a universal human capacity for altruistic experience, love, and compassion. Reference is made to the limited research literature and to clinical applications of loving kindness (metta) meditation in cultivating these processes. 相似文献
950.
The Impact of Having Children on the Lives of Women: The Effects of Children Questionnaire 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The current study uses a newly developed questionnaire, the Effects of Children Questionnaire, to examine the impact of having children on women's lives. Participants were lower- and lower-middle-class women. The questionnaire assessed women's perceptions of their own change and other women's experiences of change as a result of having children in a number of life domains. Exploratory analyses, repeated-measures analyses, factor analyses, and regression analyses were used to test hypotheses. Results suggested that women do compare themselves with other women, that there are two primary factors underlying perceptions of change, and that there are significant changes from having children in various life domains. Results are discussed in terms of the costs and benefits of having children. 相似文献