医学论文署名不实现象的伦理审思与对策

提出署名不实的概念,从社会文化层面探讨学术论文署名不实的原因及相应对策,为署名问题的治理提供借鉴。运用文献研究法,对论文署名相关的文献和资料进行分析。相较于署名不当、署名不端,署名不实所涵盖的内容更加全面,更能客观、恰当地概括署名问题。论文署名不实的社会文化因素包括"唯成果论"的学术氛围、学术体制官僚化以及人情观念泛滥。通过开展学术规范与诚信教育、改革科研评价和奖励制度、完善学术期刊建设、加大惩处力度以及加强学术不端惩治监督,达到治理论文署名问题的目的。     

推理判断中双重加工过程的协作与转换机制

推理判断中双重加工理论的发展经历了不同发展阶段, 早期主要对两个加工过程的定义及特征的关注, 当前转向对两者间的协作及转换机制的研究。本研究梳理了双重加工过程协作及转换机制的代表性模型及其相关实验支持证据, 综合归纳为以下三类模型：序列加工模型(Serial processing model)、平行竞争模型(Parallel competitive model)以及混合模型(Hybrid model), 并比较和论述了三类模型在两个加工过程的转换和协作机制、冲突探查的加工机制、偏差反应的解释机制上的异同, 以及三类模型各自面临的问题。     

辅助生殖技术引发的案例伦理分析

辅助生殖技术虽然给无数个不育夫妇带来了福音,但同时也给人类传统的伦理观念带来了冲击和挑战,同时它的滥用还可能给人类造成灾难。通过对由辅助生殖技术引发的7个典型案例的伦理分析和研究,来进一步探讨辅助生殖技术中伦理问题及其对策。     

A Review on the Study of Creativity in Singapore

This paper reviews the study of creativity in Singapore. Three questions are asked. What is the current status of the study of creativity in Singapore? What kinds of creativity studies have been conducted? What are the future directions of Singaporean creativity research? PsycLIT and Eric databases, as well as resources in Singapore libraries such as journals, proceedings, and books are searched. The study of creativity is grouped into five categories, namely conceptual framework, conceptions of creativity (empirical), creative competence (empirical), creativity programs, and creative pedagogy. This review intends to contribute to the literature of creativity and the understanding of human creativity. Future directions of Singapore's creativity research should address several issues including theories or models, methods and instruments, the sample, research agenda, and research network.     

右美托咪定对甲亢患者术中血流动力学的比较研究

研究右美托咪定辅助甲亢患者麻醉诱导时血流动力学的改变。40例甲亢患者,随机分为两组：右美托咪定组（ n＝20）与对照组（n＝20）。记录术前与麻醉诱导后的血压、心率、心率收缩压乘积,抽取静脉血进行儿茶酚胺检测。结果右美托咪定组诱导后、插管后即刻、1分钟、2分钟、3分钟,血压、心率、心率收缩压乘积低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。右美托咪定组儿茶酚胺在插管后1分钟、插管后2分钟、插管后3分钟低于对照组差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。右美托咪定有利于维持甲亢患者麻醉诱导中血流动力学的稳定。     

The scope of linguistic generalizations: evidence from Hebrew word formation

Does the productive use of language stem from the manipulation of mental variables (e.g. "noun", "any consonant")? If linguistic constraints appeal to variables, rather than instances (e.g. "dog", "m"), then they should generalize to any representable novel instance, including instances that fall beyond the phonological space of a language. We test this prediction by investigating a constraint on the structure of Hebrew roots. Hebrew frequently exhibits geminates (e.g. ss) in its roots, but it strictly constraints their location: geminates are frequent at the end of the root (e.g. mss), but rare at its beginning (e.g. ssm). Symbolic accounts capture the ban on root-initial geminates as *XXY, where X and Y are variables that stand for any two distinct consonants. If the constraint on root structure appeals to the identity of abstract variables, then speakers should be able to extend it to root geminates with foreign phonemes, including phonemes with foreign feature values. We present findings from three experiments supporting this prediction. These results suggest that a complete account of linguistic processing must incorporate mechanisms for generalization outside the representational space of trained items. Mentally-represented variables would allow speakers to make such generalizations.     

Religio‐Spiritual Participation in Two American Indian Populations

Following a previous investigation of religio‐spiritual beliefs in American Indians, this article examined prevalence and correlates of religio‐spiritual participation in two tribes in the Southwest and Northern Plains (N = 3,084). Analysis suggested a “religious profile” characterized by strong participation across three traditions: aboriginal, Christian, and Native American Church. However, sociodemographic variables that have reliably predicted participation in the general American population, notably gender and age, frequently failed to achieve significance in multivariate analyses for each tradition. Religio‐spiritual participation was strongly and significantly related to belief salience for all traditions. Findings suggest that correlates of religious participation may be unique among American Indians, consistent with their distinctive religious profile. Results promise to inform researchers’ efforts to understand and theorize about religio‐spiritual behavior. They also provide tribal communities with practical information that might assist them in harnessing social networks to confront collective challenges through community‐based participatory research collaborations.