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121.
Shelley M. MacDermid Laura G. De Haan Gabriela Heilbrun 《Journal of Adult Development》1996,3(3):145-158
Interest in the Eriksonian notion of generativity and its role in the lives of mature adults has recently increased. In the
present study, we examined generativity separately in the roles of wife, worker, and mother, and examined the utility of our
strategy relative to more global measurement strategies in explaining variation in well-being. Two samples of employed mothers
were studied, one sample employed in private industry and the other in a university setting. Statistical analyses demonstrated
that measurement equivalence existed across the two samples (i.e., that the patterns and magnitudes of factor loadings did
not differ significantly). For 8 of 11 indices of well-being examined across the two samples, role-specific measures of generativity
explained significantly greater variation than did global measures. 相似文献
122.
Tool use by naked mole-rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber, Rodentia: Bathyergidae) excavate extensive subterranean burrows with their procumbent incisors. Captive individuals often
place a wood shaving or tuber husk behind their incisor teeth and in front of their lips and molar teeth while gnawing on
substrates that yield fine particulate debris. This oral barrier may prevent choking or aspiration of foreign material. Consistent
use of tools has rarely been reported in rodents.
Received: 14 February 1998 / Accepted after revision: 9 April 1998 相似文献
123.
Topa Cantisano G Morales Domínguez JF Depolo M 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2008,11(1):207-218
Although sexual harassment has been extensively studied, empirical research has not led to firm conclusions about its antecedents and consequences, both at the personal and organizational level. An extensive literature search yielded 42 empirical studies with 60 samples. The matrix correlation obtained through meta-analytic techniques was used to test a structural equation model. Results supported the hypotheses regarding organizational environmental factors as main predictors of harassment. 相似文献
124.
Blake MG Boccia MM Acosta GB Höcht C Baratti CM 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2007,87(2):192-200
CF-1 male mice were trained in an inhibitory avoidance (IA) task. A single gabapentin (GBP) administration (50mg/kg, ip) immediately after training enhanced retention performance when mice were tested 8 days after training. On the contrary, when the same dose of the anticonvulsant drug was given twice a day for 7 days (repeated treatment), a significant impairment on retention performance 12h after the last injection of GBP was observed. When the retention test was delayed 7 days after the end of the repeated treatment, the retention performance was not significant different from the control group, whereas if the retention test was delayed 14 days, retention performance was higher than control group but similar to that observed when GBP was administered once immediately after training. The impairment on retention performance was correlated with a significant decrease in the high affinity choline uptake in the hippocampus at the end of the retention test. The pretest administration of the direct muscarinic cholinergic agonist oxotremorine (50 microg/kg, ip) reversed the impairment on retention performance. This reversion was prevented by the muscarinic cholinergic antagonist scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, ip). Taken together, these results suggest that the impairment on retention performance of an IA task in mice induced by repeated administration of GBP affected memory retrieval but not memory consolidation and that this impairment may be attributable to a reduction on central cholinergic activity. 相似文献
125.
Melbourne F. Hovell Elaine J. Blumberg Sandy Liles Linda Powell Theodore C. Morrison Gabriela Duran Carol L. Sipan Susan Burkham Norma Kelley 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2001,79(3):347-355
Youth in alternative schools often engage in high rates of risk behaviors for AIDS and violence. This study included 42 youth, ages 13 to 18, from alternative schools in San Diego, CA, and tested the effectiveness of behavioral skills training based on the Behavioral‐Ecological Model. Two interventions were evaluated: one teaching condom use skills and the other teaching anger management skills. Changes in most skills were significant at postintervention but were not maintained at 6 months. Few risk‐related attitudes or behaviors improved at 6 months for either group. 相似文献
126.
127.
Predictions about the role of contingency, imitation, and affect sharing in the development of social awareness were tested in infants during natural, imitative, and yoked conditions with their mothers at 5 and 13 weeks of age. Results showed that at both ages, infants of highly attuned mothers gazed, smiled, and vocalized positively more during the natural than during the imitative and yoked conditions, whereas they increased negative vocalizations during the yoked conditions. In contrast, infants of less attuned mothers did not differentiate between the conditions, except at 13 weeks when these infants increased their gazes during the imitative condition. Whereas contingency and imitation draw infant attention to conspecifics, affective communication appears to lay the foundation for infants' social awareness. 相似文献
128.
Files FJ Meyer A Cantz P Young M Sierra G Berman D Stachelski A Cantz V 《The Journal of general psychology》2006,133(2):183-189
The authors used the sucrose-substitution procedure to train operant self-administration of a 10% alcohol solution in 8 Long-Evans rats. After they established stable responding, they began a 10-session baseline. A 10-session experimental phase followed the baseline phase. During the experimental phase, the authors placed a large glass marble in the center of the experimental chambers before self-administration sessions. The presence of the marble decreased the rats' responding and alcohol intake significantly. The authors discussed the results in terms of distraction and the effects of concurrently available reinforcers on alcohol self-administration. 相似文献
129.
Tonneau F Arreola F Martínez AG 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2006,85(3):393-405
In studies of function transformation, participants initially are taught to match stimuli in the presence of a contextual cue, X; the stimuli to be matched bear some formal relation to each other, for example, a relation of opposition or difference. In a second phase, the participants are taught to match arbitrary stimuli (say, A and B) in the presence of X. In a final test, A often displays behavioral functions that differ from those of B, and can be predicted from the nature of the relation associated with X in the initial training phase. Here we report function-transformation effects in the absence of selection responses and of their reinforcers. In three experiments with college students, exposure to relations of difference or identity modified the responses given to later stimuli. In Experiment 1, responses to a test stimulus A varied depending on preexposure to pairs of colors that were distinct from A but exemplified relations of difference or identity. In Experiment 2, a stimulus A acquired distinct functions, depending on its previous pairing with a contextual cue X that had itself been paired with identity or difference among colors. Experiment 3 confirmed the results of Experiment 2 with a modified design. Our data are consistent with the notion that relations of identity or difference can serve as stimuli for Pavlovian processes, and, in compound with other cues, produce apparent function-transformation effects. 相似文献
130.
Moralí G Asunción Pía Soto M Luis Contreras J Arteaga M González-Vidal MD Beyer C 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2003,44(3):279-288
Data obtained, using a polygraphic technique, on the characteristics of the motor and genital copulatory responses of male rabbits, rats, mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs are reviewed. This methodology provided detailed information, not accessible to other analyses, on the frequency and dynamic organization of copulatory pelvic thrusting trains of the species studied. This comparative analysis showed that: (1) The male rat may display two types of ejaculatory responses, differing in the dynamic organization of the pelvic thrusting train, and in the duration of the intravaginal thrusting period preceding ejaculation. (2) In the guinea pigs and small rodents, but not in rabbits, pelvic thrusting at ejaculatory responses persists during intromission, and a period of fast intravaginal thrusting is associated with ejaculation. (3) The motor copulatory pattern of the rabbit, but not of the rat, hamster, or guinea pig, is affected by castration and hormone treatment, suggesting that, in rabbits, androgen acts both on motivation and on the spinal neural systems related to copulation. 相似文献