心理咨询与治疗中的领悟

不管哪种心理咨询和治疗流派,其最终目的都是促进来访者领悟,而领悟能不能出现,是治疗成功与否的关键。心理咨询师应该为了领悟的出现,作好充分的准备,促进领悟的出现,巩固领悟的成果,取得心理治疗的圆满成功。     

汉字项目再认和位置来源提取神经机制的分离

采用事件相关电位(ERP)方法,比较了大学生汉语名词项目再认和位置来源提取的头皮时空分布。学习屏幕左侧(或右侧)呈现名词后在屏幕中央呈现新、旧名词,对受试者进行两类测验:其一是判断名词是否已学过;其二是将从某侧学得的名词判断为目标,而将其他名词判断为非目标的来源测验。结果发现:(1)汉字位置来源提取与项目再认新/旧效应的持续时程相同,但前者较后者在600~1000ms的头皮分布更广,该结果支持描述项目记忆与来源记忆关系的双重加工模型,且两种记忆的新/旧效应并非总以序列方式发生;(2)汉字与前人西文单词、图形的位置来源提取效应的头皮分布相似,都集中于前额区,表明来源特性对来源信息提取具有调节作用;(3)非目标-旧名词与目标名词新/旧效应的头皮分布特征不同,表明来源信息提取受任务定向影响。     

对希波克拉底警句的深层解读--审美修养是从医之必需

试图透过医学与艺术的联系,深入到医学与美学关系的层面,进而发掘希波克拉底关于"医学的艺术乃是一切艺术之中最为卓越的艺术"这一论断的深刻内涵,指出希波克拉底警句蕴涵着:医学是美的职业,它具有崇高地位和独特的重要性;医学所追求的是健康而美好的人生,医学所创造的是健康之美、生命之美、至善之美、仁爱之美.既然医学是最为卓越的艺术,医务工作者就应该重视美学修养,并让医学审美意识牢牢植根于自己的医学实践之中.换句话说,审美修养是从医之必需.     

解读病毒性传染病的六大特点

病毒性传染病具有普遍性、依赖性、适应性、恶毒性、顽固性和难预防等六大特点.病毒性传染病分布广泛,种类繁多,病毒可以引起全身各个组织器官的病变;病毒必须依赖于宿主细胞,在其中复制和增殖,病毒具有"嗜袭性",进入人体后,各得其所,赖以生存.病毒具有高度变异性,变异株可以适应各种环境,有益于自身的延续;病毒可以引起全身各系统的病变,其中对于中枢神经系统的损害往往是致命性的;病毒具有不同的变种,随时可能发生不同的变异,难以研制出普遍有效的疫苗.     

浅谈医疗事故中的归责问题

在涉及医疗服务的投诉日益增加的今天,现有的医疗事故处理办法中关于归责的部分有很大不足,为改进医疗事故归责的工作,从"医疗契约"的角度对医疗事故进行分类,提出了医疗事故归责的原则和具体操作标准.并提出了相关建议.     

克隆技术及其社会影响

1997年,当英格兰遗传学家ＩａｎＷｉｌｍｕｔ宣布从一只母羊身上取出一个体细胞成功地克隆出另一只一模一样的小羊Ｄｏｌｌｙ时,引起科学界以至整个社会的强烈反响[1]。大家都意识到一个问题,即克隆人的可能。人们对此技术的发展、应用以及可能涉及的社会伦理道德问题展开了争论。生物克隆技术到底是什么?有何价值?可能对社会造成何种影响?这是一个值得探讨的问题。克隆技术是一项极其重要的生物技术,具有广泛的应用价值和巨大的社会价值。其发展极大地推动其它学科和技术的发展,对社会的发展有重大的促进作用。首先,由于能够由培养细胞克隆…     

The utility of behavior contracts and behavior proclamations with advantaged senior high school students

The relative efficiency of behavioral contracts and behavioral proclamations was empirically appraised in a parochial high school setting. Subjects were a select group of academically oriented seniors studying Problems in Democracy. The study consisted of an intra-subject replication design with eight phases aimed at determining the controlling influences of the experimental conditions for increasing appropriate student behavior. Line graphs and percentage tables were employed to analyze observational data. Results supported the position that students attain higher rates of appropriate behavior when given the opportunity to assist in classroom management. Both behavioral proclamations and contracts proved superior to the standard classroom procedures of the baselines.     

The relative effects of the frostig program, corrective reading instruction, and attention upon the reading skills of corrective readers with visual perceptual deficiencies

How effective are the Frostig training program and corrective reading instruction for improving the reading and visual-motor skills of pupils who possess deficiencies in both areas? Each of the three teachers worked each school day for sixteen weeks with the subjects of the two treatment groups plus a play placebo group. On the basis of the results of this study there is little, if any, support for the use of the Frostig program or corrective reading as treatments to improve the reading skills of children considered to possess a visual-motor problem. Due to the performances of the attention-placebo group, it is logical to hypothesize that improvements of the remedial groups are more a function of personal attention than the unique remedial powers of the two treatments. Consideration should be given to the optimal number of Frostig sessions as well as to the possibility of a ceiling effect of the Frostig program. Eight weeks of training would appear to be the maximum time before regression or improvement takes place.