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251.
The current study used the directed forgetting paradigm in implicit and explicit memory to investigate the concreteness effect. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to explore the neural basis of this phenomenon. The behavioral results showed a clear concreteness effect in both implicit and explicit memory tests; participants responded significantly faster to concrete words than to abstract words. The ERP results revealed a concreteness effect (N400) in both the encoding and retrieval phases. In addition, behavioral and ERP results showed an interaction between word concreteness and memory instruction (to-be-forgotten vs. to-be-remembered) in the late epoch of the explicit retrieval phase, revealing a significant concreteness effect only under the to-be-remembered instruction condition. This concreteness effect was realized as an increased P600-like component in response to concrete words relative to abstract words, likely reflecting retrieval of contextual details. The time course of the concreteness effect suggests advantages of concrete words over abstract words due to greater contextual information. 相似文献
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本文以新获吐鲁番考古资料:巴达木墓地所出葫芦木刻冥币和木纳尔墓地所出纸钱文书为基础,与20世纪初斯坦因阿斯塔那收集品,新中国成立后在阿斯塔那、哈拉和卓古墓群的考古发掘成果,其他各地域出土的汉唐间冥币材料以及传统文献互相印证,着重于从冥币在墓葬中的实际保存状态、制作和使用方式、与墓葬整体遗存之间的相互关系进行分析,对其源流、形制、性质和功能进行了新的考索,尤其是对冥币在中古时代所发生的关键性演化做了较为深入的阐释,揭示了这一丧葬习俗的变迁过程及其丰富内涵. 相似文献
254.
研究尼可地尔、前列地尔及两药物联合应用预处理对心肌缺血再灌注中的影响,探究其作用机制.采用Tunel法检测心肌组织的凋亡情况,免疫组化法检测Bax、Bcl-2和caspase-3的蛋白表达情况.结果显示尼可地尔和前列地尔半剂量联合组细胞凋亡数、Bax和caspase-3的表达量均明显低于其他给药组(P<0.05),Bcl-2的表达量明显高于其他给药组(P<0.05);尼可地尔和前列地尔单给药组细胞凋亡、Bax、caspase-3表达均有降低,Bcl-2表达升高,但效果不及联合用药半剂量组.以此得出结论尼可地尔和前列地尔的联合用药效果较好,可加强对心肌的保护作用. 相似文献
255.
Psychometrika - Time limits are imposed on many computer-based assessments, and it is common to observe examinees who run out of time, resulting in missingness due to not-reached items. The present... 相似文献
256.
Tjosvold Dean Zhang Xin Li Wen-Dong Wong Alfred Shiu-ho Yu Kaili 《Journal of business and psychology》2022,37(5):897-921
Journal of Business and Psychology - Despite the extensive interest in open-minded discussion in organizations, inconsistencies regarding its antecedents and consequences remain. Drawing upon... 相似文献
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产生效应是指朗读单词的记忆成绩要好于默读单词的。目前存在特异观和强度观两种理论解释,特异观强调朗读的相对特殊性,强度观强调朗读单词的编码强度高于默读单词的。为了检验两种理论,本研究采用“学习-再认”的实验范式,将阅读方式分别设置为被试内和被试间变量,通过两项实验考察阅读方式和学习次数对中文词汇的产生效应的影响。实验1采用被试内设计考察阅读方式和学习次数对产生效应的影响。结果发现阅读方式和学习次数的主效应显著,二者的交互作用不显著。实验2将阅读方式设置为被试间变量,采用混合设计考察阅读方式和学习次数对产生效应的影响。结果发现学习次数的主效应显著,阅读方式的主效应和二者的交互作用不显著。结果表明产生效应未随着项目编码强度的增强而增强,支持特异观。 相似文献
259.
T. Brad Harris Ning Li Wendy R. Boswell Xin‐an Zhang Zhitao Xie 《Personnel Psychology》2014,67(3):567-604
Researchers consistently argue that organizations need to generate creative ideas to ensure long‐term success and survival. One possible solution for increasing creativity is to inject “fresh blood” into the organization by hiring new employees. However, past work suggests there may be a number of impediments that stifle newcomer creativity and, further, that encouraging newcomer creativity may compromise other adjustment outcomes. Accordingly, the present research examines how empowering leaders, in conjunction with contextual and relational factors (i.e., organizational support for creativity and newcomers' trust in leaders), facilitate newcomer creativity. Study 1 indicates that empowering leadership positively predicts newcomer creativity and that this relationship is contingent on the organizational context. Study 2 reveals that a more specific and proximal contextual socialization factor–newcomers' trust in leaders–is a more potent moderator than organizational support for creativity. Further, these predictors operate through creative process engagement to influence creativity. Finally, results indicate positive links between empowering leadership and role clarity, attachment, and task performance, suggesting that empowering leadership may serve as an important, albeit overlooked, socialization tactic. 相似文献
260.
Age‐related declines in working memory, especially with regard to updating ability, affect many high‐level aspects of cognition in elderly adults. Recent studies have demonstrated that training might improve working memory. We investigated the effects of 20 days of adaptive training of working memory updating in healthy elderly adults. Comparing the performance on cognitive function tests before and after training in a trained group and a non‐trained group, significant positive training effects were observed in a numerical updating task and a digit‐span test, but not in a non‐verbal reasoning test. The results suggest beneficial effects of working memory updating training to working memory tasks that use different content material and task formats than those used during training. However, confirming the results of previous studies, transfer effects to other higher order cognitive processes seem to be absent in elderly adults. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献