Motivational influence on the quality of memories: recall of general autobiographical memories related to desired attributes

This article concerns recall of general autobiographical memories in motivated self‐perception. General memories, comprising abstraction of repeated or similar behaviours, have more impact on how one defines oneself than do specific memories. In a study, participants were first induced to believe that either extraversion or introversion leads to success. In the recall task that followed, introversion‐success participants recalled more general memories related to introversion than did extraversion‐success participants. In contrast, extraversion‐success participants recalled more general extraverted memories than did introversion‐success participants. Thus, to preserve a positive self‐image as characterized by desirable attributes, recall may be directed towards generation of general memories related to the attributes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

老年人社会适应性与主观幸福感的结构关系

该研究通过编制适应老年人的社会适应性与主观幸福感问卷,探讨了老年人社会适应性与主观幸福感的结构关系。结果表明,问卷具有良好的结构效度和内部一致性信度,人际交往适应性和角色转换适应性对主观幸福感各维度具有显著的预测价值,生活自理适应性对积极情感具有显著预测作用,但预测力不如人际交往适应性和角色转换适应性,而社会整体变化适应性对主观幸福感不存在预测的价值。地区差异对老年人社会适应性和主观幸福感结构预测关系存在显著的调节效应。     

科研技术人员核心自我评价与工作倦怠、工作投入的结构方程分析

目的：探讨在中国文化背景下公司内技术部门人员核心自我评价是否包括集体自尊的维度及其与工作投入、工作倦怠的关系。方法：在人力资源部门人员的指导下,301名公司技术部门人员填写了工作倦怠量表（MBI—GS）、工作投入量表（UWES）、经典核心自我评价4个分量表、集体自尊量表以及核心自我评价集成量表（CSES）,并以密封信封方式提交。结果：（1）集体自尊对核心自我评价的载荷为0．68,是核心自我评价的重要因素。（2）加入集体自尊维度的核心自我评价对工作投入和工作倦怠路径系数分别达到了0．79和-0．54。（3）采用集成核心自我评价量表测量也支持了这一结果,对工作投入和工作倦怠各维度的回归系数均达到了显著水平。结论：集体自尊是中国文化背景下技术部人员的核心自我评价重要成分,且加入集体自尊维度的核心自我评价对工作投入和工作倦怠均有较好的预测作用。     

中学生自我觉知的日常问题解决能力研究

采用问卷法对907名中学生自我觉知的日常问题解决能力进行研究。结果表明,自我觉知的日常问题解决能力存在显著的领域差异;对不同领域的日常问题,初中生与高中生自我觉知的能力有不同的差异模式,我向思维会导致初中生在某些领域高估其能力水平;性别差异以及独生与非独生子女差异在多项能力评估中显著存在;大多数自我觉知能力与自评健康状况、家庭经济状况、自评外在形象、做家务事的次数及父母管教严格程度有显著的正相关。     

An empirical look at the Defence Mechanism Test (DMT) Stimulus effects

Based on a sample of non-clinical subjects (N=74) the study examines the Defence Mechanism Test (DMT) by focusing on when perceptual distortions, called ‘signs of defence’ in DMT terminology, occur (distribution in exposure duration), which part of the picture is involved (distribution in localisation), and which ‘signs’ go together (using correlation and factor analyses). The results disclosed that the occurrence of perceptual distortions (‘signs of defence’) was related to exposure duration (some ‘defences’ are more frequent at brief exposures, some others at longer exposure durations), and to localisation on the picture. The location of misperceptions to the central person (hero) or the peripheral person (pp) of the picture was the major explanatory principle for the distribution of ‘signs’ on factors. Rather than capturing psychodynamic defence mechanisms, which is the theoretical basis of the test, the analyses imply that the DMT seems to measure misperceptions which are a function of the localisation of persons on the stimulus picture and of exposure durations.     

新技术革命前沿的神经外科

近年来,由于新技术革命的发展和信息交流的加快神经外取得了突飞猛进的发展,主要表现在ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、ＤＳＡ、ＰＥＴ、ＩＯＭ、术中导航系统和远程医疗的应用等方面,使神经外科的诊断和治疗水平有了长足的发展。     

Psychometry and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements

Summary The relationship between psychometric performance and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurement in a series of patients suffering from presenile dementia is discussed. An evaluation of central concepts in the late Professor A.R. Luria's dynamic localization model for behavior determination is made. A new indirect measurement of regional cerebral metabolism (rCBF) is used. In general, support is obtained from Luria's model for the interpretation of the relation between psychometric results and the rCBF data.