Sleep facilitates consolidation of positive emotional memory in healthy older adults

ABSTRACT

Evidence has demonstrated that sleep-related memory consolidation declines in ageing. However, little is known about age-related changes to sleep-related emotional memory consolidation, especially when considering the positivity effect observed in older adults. In the present study, we sought to explore whether there is a positive emotional bias in sleep-related memory consolidation among healthy older adults. Young and older adults were randomly assigned either into a sleep or wake condition. All participants encoded positive, negative, and neutral stimuli and underwent recognition tests immediately (test 1), after a 12-hour sleep/wake interval (test 2), and 3 days after test 2 (test 3). Results showed that age-related differences of sleep beneficial effect were modulated by emotion valence. In particular, sleep selectively enhanced positive memory in older adults, while in young adults sleep beneficial effect was manifested in neutral memory. Moreover, the sleep beneficial effect can be maintained at least 3 days in both young and older adults. These findings suggest that older adults had preserved but positive bias of sleep-related memory consolidation, which could be one of the underlying mechanisms for their generally better emotional well-being in daily life. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay among sleep and emotional memory in older adults.     

低自尊个体注意偏向的ERP研究

本研究以高兴、愤怒和中性面孔图片为实验材料,采用空间线索任务,借助事件相关电位技术(ERP)探讨低自尊个体注意偏向的内在机制及生理基础,即从电生理的角度,探讨注意偏向的内在机制是反映了注意的快速定向还是注意的解脱困难,亦或是既有快速注意定向又伴随注意的解脱困难。行为数据发现,高低自尊个体在有效提示下的反应显著快于无效提示条件。脑电数据发现,无效提示条件下,愤怒面孔后的靶子比高兴和中性面孔后的靶子在低自尊个体中诱发了更大的P1和更小的N1波幅,有效提示下无显著差异;高自尊个体在N1和P1波幅上无显著结果。晚期P300成分上,无效提示比有效提示诱发了更正的波幅,未发现自尊相关的显著差异。结果表明,低自尊个体对评价性威胁信息(愤怒)的注意偏向是对威胁信息(愤怒)的注意解脱困难。     

中西医结合治疗儿童过敏性紫癜和预防相关肾损害的临床研究

过敏性紫癜是儿童常见的免疫系统疾病。西医治疗过敏性紫癜已形成常规模式,并有一定疗效,但也有一定局限性。本病易反复,易损伤肾脏,严重时可导致紫癜性肾炎。本文拟研究中西医结合方法治疗过敏性紫癜及预防肾脏损伤的临床效果。研究表明,中西医结合治疗该病存在一定优势,能有效治疗过敏性紫癜,并降低肾脏损害及紫癜性肾炎的发生率。但应看到本研究结论主要是通过临床经验取得,样本量小,未进行远期随访,缺乏系统深层次实验室论证,还有待进一步研究。     

Unconsciously learning task-irrelevant perceptual sequences

We demonstrated unconscious learning of task-irrelevant perceptual regularities in a Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task in both visual and auditory domains. Participants were required to respond to different letters (‘F’ or ‘J’, experiment 1) or syllables (‘can’ or ‘you’, experiment 2) which occurred in random order. Unbeknownst to participants, the color (red, green, blue or yellow) of the two letters or the tone (1–4) of the syllables varied according to certain rules. Reaction times indicated that people indeed learnt both the color and tonal regularities indicating that task-irrelevant sequence structure can be learned perceptually. In a subsequent prediction test of knowledge of the color or tonal cues using subjective measures, we showed that people could acquire task irrelevant knowledge unconsciously.     

威胁性信息检测的脑机制

快速而准确地检测威胁性信息是进化过程中形成的一种重要能力,是有效应对危险的前提条件,对有机体的生存具有重要价值.威胁性信息的检测由不同的神经通路合作完成.在视觉通道中,皮层通路的精确检测和皮层下通路的快速检测在杏仁核得到整合.杏仁核能接受多感觉通道的信息输入,并接受额叶的调节,是威胁性信息加工中连通自上而下加工和自下而上加工的枢纽.将来的研究需要进一步关注杏仁核的功能以及不同的神经通路如何合作完成威胁性信息的检测.     

英语句法歧义消解过程中基于激发点的权变模型

采用自控速度的移动窗口技术,在3个实验中分别考察句法歧义消解的基本过程。阅读材料为 不含有词汇歧义的较为单纯的英语句法歧义句。结果为：实验1的研究结果表明在语料中不存 在歧义激发点的情况下,被试不会启动歧义的消解过程;实验2的研究结果表明当歧义激发点 与解歧区重合时,人们会选用再分析机制来处理解歧区语料;实验3的研究结果表明当歧义激 发点与歧义区重合时,人们会选用竞争机制来处理歧义区语料。本研究初步验证了基于激发点 的权变模型关于句法歧义消解过程的相关设想。     

青少年风险决策的时程加工机制：来自ERP的证据

采用事件相关电位（ERP）研究技术,运用剑桥风险任务的实验范式,考察了青少年风险决策的时程加工机制。行为结果表明,在高、中、低三种不确定性条件下,相对于效价,被试的决策更多的关注概率。脑电结果显示：1）不确定性的主效应在N400上表现显著,高不确定条件和中不确定条件的波幅要明显大于低不确定性条件的波幅,而高不确定条件和中不确定条件的波幅无显著差异;2）与中不确定条件相比,高不确定条件和低不确定条件诱发了一个新异正成分（LPC）,高不确定条件和低不确定条件的波幅要明显大于中不确定性条件的波幅,而高不确定条件和低不确定条件的波幅无显著差异。青少年在风险任务中的决策较多的是选择安全选项,表现出较为明显的风险规避倾向。N400的波幅可能反映了不确定性程度,而LPC的波幅大小可能反映了结果评价准确性程度的高低。     

心理契约破坏对组织公民行为的影响：同事支持感的调节作用

采用问卷调查法,研究了同事支持感（perceived coworker support）在心理契约破坏和组织公民关系间的调节作用。研究结果表明：同事支持感会削弱心理契约破坏和组织公民行为的关系的强度,即当个体感知到较高程度的同事支持,虽然个体感受到心理契约被破坏,也会维持较高程度的组织公民行为。     

Cross-industry dimensionality of the commitment to change scale in China

Commitment to organizational change can explain a range of employees' attitudes and behaviors during organizational change, and its measurement is central to explaining such organizational linkages. The purpose of this study is to re-examine the dimensionality of Herscovitch and Meyer's Commitment to Change Scale across two different industrial samples in a non-Western cultural context (China). The two samples were 198 civil servants (60.0% men; M age = 29.3 yr., M organizational tenure = 62.7 mo.) and 442 high-tech company employees (58.2% men; M age = 30.5 yr., M organizational tenure = 66.5 mo.) who had respectively undergone major changes in compensation and performance appraisal systems in their organizations at the time of the research. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that a four-factor model with 14 items fit the data best in both samples. The generality of the scale's structure as well as its implications for change-management practices are discussed.     

记忆源检测的加工分离

同一个记忆源检测任务是否可以依赖两种不同的加工——无意识启发式加工和有意识系统式加工,是源检测加工机制研究探索的一个重要问题。本研究拟借助加工分离程序来分离同一个源检测任务中的启发式和系统式加工,并进一步考察了启发式和系统式加工受刺激呈现时间的影响。结果发现:位置源检测任务依赖于启发式和系统式两种加工,且随着刺激呈现时间的增长,系统式加工的贡献显著地提高,启发式加工的贡献却无显著提升。这一结果既验证了记忆源检测的双加工机制,也暗示了两种加工在加工深度上的差异。