The role of inhibitory control in the development of analogical reasoning: From general to specific

This study examined the role of inhibitory control in the development of analogical reasoning using inter-task priming paradigms. In Experiment 1, 25 seven-year-olds, 27 nine-year-olds, and 27 adults completed Stroop tasks, which activated general inhibitory control ability, before analogical reasoning tasks. Children and adults performed faster on analogical reasoning tasks when they were primed by Stroop tasks. This priming effect was found to be stronger in children than in adults. In Experiment 2, 25 seven-year-olds, 28 nine-year-olds, and 28 adults completed relative number matching tasks, a more task-relevant inhibitory control task, before analogical reasoning tasks. The children and adults performed faster on analogical reasoning tasks when primed by relative number matching tasks. The priming effect was greater in seven-year-olds than in nine-year-olds and was greater in nine-year-olds than in adults. Thus, inhibitory control, whether assessed with general or specific tasks, played a priming role in analogical reasoning.     

我们如何通达他人的意识?——发生心理学的进路与现象学的进路

"他心知"问题在二十世纪初就已成为哲学心理学研究的焦点,在当时围绕这一问题形成了"有关异己意识之把握的发生理论"。在这些发生理论中,最具代表性的有三种,即模仿理论、类比推论理论和联想同感理论。但在现象学家们看来,这些发生理论都存在着各种各样的问题,现象学所要做的恰恰是试图以一种"同感现象学"来取代这些发生理论。当代神经科学的发展也在一定程度上推进了"他心知"问题的研究,在此新的视域下,现象学进路之得失需要得到反省。     

嵌套词汉字位置加工的亚词边界效应

使用眼动追踪技术，采用边界范式，考察了三字嵌套词的汉字位置加工是否存在亚词边界效应。实验以三字前嵌套词（如“历史系”）和三字后嵌套词（如“核技术”）为靶子，对次字和尾字进行操纵（相同、转置和替换）。结果发现：对于前嵌套词，靶子的注视时间在替换条件显著长于转置条件，相同条件和转置条件差异不显著；对于后嵌套词，靶子的注视时间在转置条件显著长于相同条件，替换条件和转置条件差异不显著。结果表明：跨亚词边界汉字转置不影响词汇识别，而亚词首字转置干扰词汇识别。     

海峡两岸民营医院的发展及管理差异浅探

海峡两岸在人文背景、医疗体制、医疗模式、护理模式等多个领域,都存在显著差异.台湾资本在大陆投资医院已有多年,如何在大陆卫生管理体制下生存,值得探讨.简要介绍两岸民营医院的发展情况,再从不同角度将台湾民营医院与大陆医院进行对比分析,台资医院要适应大陆的环境,大陆医院应学习台湾医院的先进管理,从而达到双赢.