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911.
Russell G Geen 《Journal of research in personality》1978,12(1):15-29
After being either attacked or treated in a more neutral manner by an experimental confederate, male subjects shocked the confederate while being stimulated by loud noise. Among previously attacked subjects, possession of control over offset of the noise led to the delivery of shocks significantly shorter in duration than those given by subjects who did not have control. Mere predictability of noise offset did not have the same effect. Subjects who could control the noise did not differ from those who heard no noise with respect to the duration of shocks given. Noise had no effect on shock duration among nonattacked subjects. In a follow-up study subjects who were given bogus information that they were aroused by noise were less punitive toward an attacking confederate than subjects given no such information. The overall conclusion is that noise facilitates aggression in subjects who have been instigated to aggress to the degree that noise-produced arousal is misattributed to the instigating stimulus. 相似文献
912.
The difficulty of recording rodent ultrasonic vocalizations simultaneously with other behavior patterns has been overcome by the use of the apparatus described. The electronic circuitry automatically digitally codes specified frequencies of rodent ultrasounds on a behavioral recording device. A reliability study of its performance in recording vocalizations of copulating Mongolian gerbils, during experimental tests, is also described. 相似文献
913.
The time constants of commercially available, electronic tachistoscopes are shown to be much poorer than is widely assumed. When a band near the centre of the visible spectrum is isolated, the output of a typical tachistoscope lamp takes approximately 18 ms to reach 90% of its asymptotic value; the time to decay to 10% is also typically 18 ms and we demonstrate conditions under which the decaying trace remains visually effective against a dark field for more than 40 ms after the nominal offset of the lamps.
Many reports of tachistoscopic experiments published in the last two decades must be quantitatively in error; and we provide examples of experiments where qualitative conclusions may have been drawn invalidly. 相似文献
Many reports of tachistoscopic experiments published in the last two decades must be quantitatively in error; and we provide examples of experiments where qualitative conclusions may have been drawn invalidly. 相似文献
914.
G. L. Mangan 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1978,13(4):226-235
Anumber of psychophysiological, cognitive and personality measures, and classical appetitive and aversive SR acquisition and extinction rates were taken from a sample of 25 male undergraduate volunteers. Principal Components Analysis of the data revealed general acquisition and extinction factors which were indexed by the psychophysiological variables. Regression analyses showed additionally that Eysenck’s E-I dimension predicts both acquisition and extinction rates, and that imagery may be an important mediational variable in CR acquisition. 相似文献
915.
Carlo L. Cazzullo Gaetano Penati Silvio Scarone Maria G. Fornari Maurizio Maggioni Leonardo F. Resele 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1978,13(3):163-168
The relationship between sleep and learning processes is analysed in a sample of schizophrenic patients, starting from more recent hypotheses about the function of REM sleep in learning and memory processes. This is done by means of two experiments: in the first AA. evaluate the possibility to elicit a simple motor conditional reflex acquired during daytime in different sleep stages. With the second experiment daytime learning performances are evaluated with and without a reinforcement administered during REM sleep. Results for the first experiment underline a qualitative difference between REM and nREM sleep in a reflexological perspective. In nREM sleep the conditional response is better maintained than in REM sleep. The second experiment confirms the possibility to improve daytime learning performances after an additional presentation of learning material in REM. The joint study of sleep abnormalities and learning and cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients is finally suggested. 相似文献
916.
Richard G. Proudfoot 《Behavior research methods》1978,10(2):291-296
The Yale experimental programming system is described. This system consists of user-callable subroutines and a set of modifications to the UNIX operating system which support the development and execution of real-time psychology experiments. The interactions between a timesharing operating system and the provision of real-time facilities for experiments are discussed. 相似文献
917.
Thomas G. Uter 《Behavior research methods》1978,10(3):411-414
An activity-monitor system for fish or other aquatic animals has been developed that uses a single low-level infrared (IRED) photobeam. The IRED source emits with a peak wavelength of 960 nm and requires only 70-mW average power input for an operating range of greater than 50 cm in sea water. This represents an order of magnitude reduction in power and more than a doubling of range over other reported designs. The cost for a single-beam channel is approximately $30. 相似文献
918.
Peter G. Polson 《Behavior research methods》1978,10(2):139-147
This paper attempts to evaluate the impact of microprocessors and other products using large-scale integrated circuit technologies with a set of examples of past, current, and proposed computer applications in psychological research. I first discuss a number of developments in real-time computing that have taken place during the last 10 years. The major part of this paper describes future developments in the Computer Laboratory for Instruction in Psychological Research. We are developing an intelligent high-speed communication network that will enable computers and terminals to communicate with each other. In addition, we are developing a microprocessor-based real-time computer system. The network, the real-time system, and the general assumption underlying the development of the next generation of CLIPR facilities are described. 相似文献
919.
Catherine G. Wolf 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1978,24(4):315-326
The basis for the invariant perception of place of articulation in pre- and postvocalic stops was investigated using the selective adaptation paradigm. Experiments 1 and 2 considered the role of identical bursts, mirror-image formant transitions, and similar onset and offset spectra in the invariant perception of place of articulation in CV and VC stimuli, and Experiment 3 considered the importance of the second two cues in a VCV context. The results of these experiments suggest that, at the level of processing tapped by selective adaptation, neither identical bursts, mirror-image formant transitions, nor similar onset and offset spectra are the basis for the invariant perception of place of articulation in initial and final position. The vowel portion of an adapter was found to affect perception of the consonant portion of a stimulus, and the direction of this effect was predictable from the acoustic characteristics of the consonant and vowel. The implications of these findings for the nature of selective adaptation are discussed. 相似文献
920.
Redundancy gain and orthogonal interference for height and width were demonstrated in two experiments using a relative coding task with number of intertrial repetitions controlled. Orthogonal interference was shown to be perceptually based rather than simply an intertrial repetitions effect as suggested by Felfoldy (1974). These results from a relative coding task were discussed in terms of the previous multidimensional processing literature. It was concluded that Lockhead’s (1972t model has been applied too generally. An alternative model (a parallel, dimensional analysis stage followed by a stage in which dimensional information is integrated) was suggested. 相似文献