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881.
Abstract— Does group discussion and deliberation on one issue or task influence the members' decisions or opinions on other issues? In contrast to past research looking solely at changes in responses to the same item discussed by the group, this study examined whether group interaction results in members changing the way they make judgments on related items in the future. The results show that group discussion and consensus on one set of judgments led to a significant convergence of judgmental strategies that extended to a related (but different) set of judgments the members made later as individuals. 相似文献
882.
James R. Rodrigue Russell G. Hoffmann Arista Rayfield Celia Lescano Wendy Kubar Randi Streisand Christine G. Banko 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1995,2(1):89-107
We examined the nature of referrals to a health center-based pediatric psychology service from 1990 to 1993 and assessed the satisfaction of health professionals with these services. Archival evaluation of 1467 records showed that over half of the consultation requests came from general pediatrics, pediatric neurology, and surgical services and that 70% of the psychological services were delivered on an outpatient basis. The most frequent referrals were for cognitive/neuropsychological evaluation and externalizing behavior problems. Pediatric psychology trainees were involved in 94% of the consultations. Survey of health professionals (n = 143) indicated very high overall satisfaction with the quality of services delivered. Presenting problems yielding the greatest likelihood for future consultation requests were behavior problems, child abuse, coping with illness, and depression/suicide. Results are discussed in the context of previous evaluations of pediatric psychology services and recommendations for future evaluation research. 相似文献
883.
Rosemerry R. Blash M.S. Donald G. Unger Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1995,4(3):359-373
The role of perceived efficacy, parent support, and community involvement in the self-esteem and ethnic identity of 68 African-American male youth were investigated in this research. The results provided support for the distinctiveness of ethnic identity and self-esteem. A sense of mastery was positively associated with both self-esteem and ethnic identity. Parent support was associated with self-esteem, while community involvement and an appreciation of African-American heritage were positively related to ethnic identity. Implications for future research and the evaluation of prevention and support programs for youth are discussed. 相似文献
884.
Thomas G. Haring Ph.D. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1995,5(2):123-149
This paper presents a behavioral model which proposes that operants are organized and regulated into systems of responding. Multi-operant theory proposes that operants are organized into response systems that interact to adapt behavior to the complexities of the environment. The operant is the interaction between behavior and the environment which includes the conditions under which responses may occur, the class of behavior that is likely to be effective in producing outcomes, and the antecedent conditions that define the context of behavior. A central feature of this theory is that operants within a repertoire are organized into regulated systems of responding. The mechanisms of regulation are themselves operants that are learned and controlled by processes that are the same as those that govern more overt behavior. Operants stand in relationship to each other in coordinated response systems with some operants directly affecting and organizing the performance of other operants. An important implication of the systemic nature of behavioral repertoires is that bringing some aspect of a behavior class under control of new variables may demonstrate a spread throughout the entire operant system depending on past histories linking the classes.deceased 相似文献
885.
886.
Ruth G. Mcfadyen 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1995,14(3):233-256
This article presents a theoretical argument to explain the way in which unemployed people react to and cope with threats to their identities that derive from perceptions ofstigma and low self-worth. It is argued here that strategies used by unemployed people to cope with such threats are influenced by whether the individuals categorize themselves as “unemployed” or adopt some other categorization (e.g., housewife, retired coal-miner). It is also proposed that the concept of self-categorization can be framed within Folkman and Lazarus’s (1980, 1985) coping model of distress in order to provide a more general framework for understanding these issues. The study reviews literature about stigma and coping with threatened identities with reference to these integrated frameworks, and concludes with a general model for predicting the way in which unemployed people self-categorize and cope with stigma and low self-esteem. This takes into account the role played by situational and individual factors, and suggests that individuals recategorize themselves in order to cope better during different phases of their unemployment. 相似文献
887.
888.
Enhancing possible selves in Mexican American students 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Day Jeanne D. Borkowski John G. Punzo Diana Howsepian Barbara 《Motivation and emotion》1994,18(1):79-103
This project assessed the modifiability of possible selves in young Mexican American children. Three intervention conditions were compared in a pre- and posttest design: child-only intervention, parent and child intervention, and a no-intervention control. Following eight intervention sessions, children in the two intervention groups showed significant gains in understanding the characteristics associated with becoming a good student and in recognizing the value of education in bringing about future occupational goals. Children in the intervention conditions also reported greater interest in becoming a physician, judge, or pilot — occupations they had directly experienced during training. The parent intervention phase contributed little to augmenting the positive results attributable to the child intervention component.This research was conducted under the auspices of NIH Grant HD-24003. We wish to thank Maritza Robles and the staff of the Bilingual program of the South Bend, IN, Corporation for their support. 相似文献
889.
890.
Will Spijkers Kyriakos Tachmatzidis Günter Debus Martin Fischer Imke Kausche 《Psychological research》1994,57(1):20-29
Two experiments are reported addressing the preparation and initiation of movements with equal or unequal timing properties for both hands. Temporal coordination was examined in two movement tasks: one in which both hands performed the movements simultaneously (simultaneous aiming task) and one in which only one alternative of two possible movements was executed (choice aiming task). For each task a different group of subjects was used. Besides the timing relationships between both movements, the effects of preparation interval (1, 3, and 5 s), the average velocity (7, 14, 17.5, and 70 cm/s), the presence of advance information about the required velocity of the movement(s), and practice were investigated. Based on the common- and the specific-timing notions, distinct hypotheses were tested as to the effects of the variables on the temporal coordination as revealed by reaction time. A main result was that the effects of timing differences between the hands was task specific. For the choice task the data are in agreement with the common-timing notion of coordination, i. e., only one timing demand at a time can be prepared, whereas in the simultaneous task evidence was obtained for the specific-timing notion, i. e., independent preparation and initiation of different timing properties for the hands. However, it is argued that the results of the choice task probably do not reflect a general inability to prepare movements of different timing requirements for both hands, but is related to a task-specific strategy of selective preparation. 相似文献