所有制与行业性质对组织学习动力作用的研究

本文探讨了组织特性（所有制和行业性质）对组织学习动力的作用。采用多元方差分析,研究了1074名各类企业员工和管理者的组织学习动力,分别探讨了组织特性对其学习动力的作用。结果表明：1）组织所有制性质影响组织学习动力;2）组织的行业性质影响组织学习动力;3）组织的所有制和行业性质存在交互作用。各类组织学习动力排序的结果是（1）在行业性质上：国营旅游业〉文教卫生〉金融业〉制造业;非国营制造业〉文教卫生〉金融业〉旅游业;（2）在所有制性质上：旅游业国营企事业单位〉非国营企业,制造业非国营企业〉国营企事业,金融业国营企业〉非国营企业．文教卫生行业非国营企业〉国营企业。     

人权视野中的医患关系转归

试图从人权的视角来审视医患关系,展示尊重和保障人权在医患关系中的重要作用:尊重和保障人权,医患关系将变得更为人性化、理性化、规范化,医患关系将走向法制化和全球化.旨在规范医患行为,为形成良好的医患关系,缓和医患矛盾和解决医患纠纷提供对策.     

情绪自我控制发展的影响因素

情绪自我控制是儿童发展的重要能力,现已成为情绪、动机和发展心理学研究的重要问题.文章通过对现有文献的梳理,提供认识情绪自我控制发展的脉络,并结合已有研究,阐述影响情绪自我控制发展的内外因素.最后,分析了现有研究存在的问题,提出了未来研究发展的方向.     

情绪的脑单侧化研究进展

通过对情绪的脑单侧化研究及相关理论模型的回顾和梳理,阐明右脑模型、效价模型、趋近—回避模型以及行为唤起/抑制系统模型等情绪加工理论的内在联系及各自优势与局限。最后,对情绪的脑单侧化研究的未来予以了展望。     

工作记忆和风险取向类型对情感决策的影响

本研究采用爱荷华赌博任务(Iowa Gambling Task,IGT)范式,探究工作记忆在情感决策过程中的作用,以及风险取向类型与工作记忆的作用机制。以88名大学生为被试,采用自变量2(风险取向类型:风险偏好/风险规避)×2(工作记忆负荷:无负荷/有负荷)的混合实验设计。结果发现,高工作记忆负荷会降低被试的IGT成绩;工作记忆负荷和风险取向类型存在交互作用,即对于风险偏好型被试,工作记忆负荷对IGT损失敏感性的干扰并不明显,但对于风险规避型被试,高工作记忆负荷时的IGT损失敏感性比低工作记忆负荷时的更差。这些结果表明工作记忆和风险取向均会影响个体的情感决策。     

主动性社交网站使用与青少年友谊质量的关系:积极反馈和人际不确定性的中介作用

为探讨主动性社交网站使用、积极反馈、人际不确定性与青少年友谊质量的关系。采用主动性社交网站使用问卷、社交网站积极反馈问卷、人际不确定性问卷以及青少年友谊质量问卷对937名高中生进行调查研究,结果显示:(1)主动性社交网站使用与社交网站积极反馈和友谊质量均呈显著正相关,而与人际不确定性呈显著负相关;积极反馈与人际不确定性呈显著负相关,与友谊质量呈显著正相关;人际不确定性与友谊质量呈显著负相关;(2)主动性社交网站使用对青少年友谊质量具有显著的直接预测作用,且能够通过社交网站积极反馈以及人际不确定性的单独中介作用以及社交网站积极反馈人际不确定性的链式中介作用对青少年友谊质量产生影响。研究结果揭示了主动性社交网站使用对青少年友谊质量的作用机制,对引导青少年合理利用社交网站发展良好的友谊关系具有一定的启示作用。     

师生关系对研究生自我效能感的影响:有调节的中介模型

为探讨师生关系与自我效能感的关系,并着力考察专业认同和导师负面评价恐惧在其中所起的作用,采用一般自我效能感量表、研究生师生关系感知问卷、专业认同量表、害怕导师负面评价量表对458名研究生进行调查,结果发现：（1）师生关系可正向预测研究生自我效能感;专业认同在两者间起中介作用;（2）导师负面评价恐惧在师生关系通过专业认同影响自我效能感的中介模型后半段起调节作用,即对于导师负面评价恐惧较高的研究生来说,专业认同对其自我效能感的影响更大。研究结果揭示了师生关系对自我效能感的作用机制。     

Endurance factors improve hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory in mice

Physical activity improves learning and hippocampal neurogenesis. It is unknown whether compounds that increase endurance in muscle also enhance cognition. We investigated the effects of endurance factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ agonist GW501516 and AICAR, activator of AMP-activated protein kinase on memory and neurogenesis. Mice were injected with GW for 7 d or AICAR for 7 or 14 d. Two weeks thereafter mice were tested in the Morris water maze. AICAR (7 d) and GW improved spatial memory. Moreover, AICAR significantly, and GW modestly, elevated dentate gyrus neurogenesis. Thus, pharmacological activation of skeletal muscle may mediate cognitive effects.     

Seeing yourself helps you see others

It has been proposed that self-face representations are involved in interpreting facial emotions of others. We experimentally primed participants' self-face representations. In Study 1, we assessed eye tracking patterns and performance on a facial emotion discrimination task, and in Study 2, we assessed emotion ratings between self and nonself groups. Results show that experimental priming of self-face representations increases visual exploration of faces, facilitates the speed of facial expression processing, and increases the emotional distance between expressions. These findings suggest that the ability to interpret facial expressions of others is intimately associated with the representations we have of our own faces.     

Improved EM algorithm for MPT model analysis

Multinomialprocessing tree (MPT) models are in wide use as measurement models for analyzing categorical data in cognitive experiments. The approach involves estimating parameters and conducting hypothesis tests involving parameters that are arrayed in a tree structure designed to represent latent cognitive processes. The standard inference algorithm for these models is based on the well-known expectationmaximization (EM) algorithm. On the basis of the original use of the EMalgorithm for MPT models, this article presents an approach that accelerates the convergence speed of the algorithm by (1) adjusting suitable initial positions for certain parameters to reduce required iterative times and (2) using a series of operations between/among a set of matrices that are specific to the original model structure and information to reduce the time required for a single iteration. As compared with traditional algorithms, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has superior efficiency in interpreted languages and also has better algorithm readability and structure flexibility.