“礼”的道德意蕴

先秦儒家十分强调“礼”对于个体修身养性的重要性。他们认为,道德修养的价值就在于成就德性自我,在礼义规范的认同、体验中确立个体的道德主体地位,从而将外在的礼义约束转化为内心的道德自觉,进而成就理想人格,达到道德境界。     

孙诒让管子研究之特色与影响

道咸以来,考据学渐衰,《管子》研究也随之进入了平缓时期。生活于清末的学者孙诒让,在《管子》研究史上承前启后,乃清末考据学之杰出者。他的《札迻》引经据典,校勘辨疑,极有乾嘉之遗风。特别是其中的《管子》部分,充分体现其学术思想,无论内容还是特色,很有典型性。后世学者校读《管子》,多以不同版本对勘,再参以前人之成果,注重多重证据,就是受了孙诒让《管子》研究的影响。     

An item response theory analysis of the Impulsive Behaviors Checklist for Adolescents

This study used item response theory (IRT) to examine the Impulsive Behaviors Checklist for Adolescents (IBCL-A) among 6,276 (67.7% girls) Chinese secondary school students. The IBCL-A included 15 maladaptive impulsive behaviors adapted from the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. The authors obtained the severity and discrimination parameters for each item in the IBCL-A, examined differential item functioning across gender and age groups, and tested reliability and concurrent validity of the IBCL-A IRT-scaled score. Most items in the IBCL-A were the most accurate in assessing moderate to high levels of impulsivity and discriminated well among adolescents with varied levels of impulsivity. Differential item functioning emerged in several items across gender. The IRT-scaled score showed good construct validity and incremental predictive validity. Findings demonstrate the sound psychometric properties of the IBCL-A and support the clinical utility of this scale.     

A dynamic context model of interactive behavior

A dynamic context model of interactive behavior was developed to explain results from two experiments that tested the effects of interaction costs on encoding strategies, cognitive representations, and response selection processes in a decision-making and a judgment task. The model assumes that the dynamic context defined by the mixes of internal and external representations and processes are sensitive to the interaction cost imposed by the task environment. The model predicts that changes in the dynamic context may lead to systematic biases in cognitive representations and processes that eventually influence decision-making and judgment outcomes. Consistent with the predictions by the model, results from the experiments showed that as interaction costs increased, encoding strategies and cognitive representations shifted from perception-based to memory-based. Memory-based comparisons of the stimuli enhanced the similarity and dominance effects, and led to stronger systematic biases in response outcomes in a choice task. However, in a judgment task, memory-based representations enhanced only the dominance effects. Results suggested that systematic response biases in the dominance context were caused by biases in the cognitive representations of the stimuli, but response biases in the similarity context were caused by biases in the comparison process induced by the choice task. Results suggest that changes in interaction costs not only change whether information was assessed from the external world or from memory but also introduce systematic biases in the cognitive representation of the information, which act as biased inputs to the subsequent decision-making and judgment processes. Results are consistent with the idea of interactive cognition, which proposes that representations and processes are contingent on the dynamic context defined by the information flow between the external task environment and internal cognition.     

全球化、菲利普斯曲线平坦化及其政策含义——中国数据的实证分析

金融危机爆发以来,对通胀机理的深入思考,对现有货币政策理论框架的深刻反思,愈发热烈。本文全面回顾了国际经济学界在这一领域的相关文献,并以中国作为研究对象,讨论全球化对中国菲利普斯曲线的影响。实证结果认为,开放程度的加深,使得中国菲利普斯曲线变得更加平坦,物价对国内产出缺口的敏感度在下降,而一旦高通胀确立,又需要加大政策收缩力度和由此带来更多的产出牺牲。政策制定者应该充分考虑到这一情况的变化,在宏观调控过程中进行合理的政策调整。     

传统民间游戏“葫芦问”促进儿童社会性发展的质性研究

从心理学视角对闽南民间游戏葫芦问进行探究。结果表明:(1)随着游戏次数的增加,儿童情绪调控、自我监控的能力有所提高;(2)游戏领导者与非领导者的助人行为存在明显差异;(3)在葫芦问游戏中,已有知识经验是增加游戏领导者影响力的一大重要因素;(4)游戏促使儿童学会对他人的理解,进而促进了同伴关系的发展。传统民间游戏葫芦问不仅有利于历史文化故事的传播,同时对儿童社会性发展具有促进作用。     

群体卷入模型:理论背景、内容介绍与未来展望

群体卷入模型借鉴社会认同的思想,在群体价值模型、关系模型的基础上发展而来。该模型认为程序公平通过社会认同影响人的心理和行为,模型还概括了程序公平的四个成分,区分了尊敬感和自豪感,以及资源判断和认同判断对行为卷入的不同影响方式。群体卷入模型的提出为解释群体内行为提供了理论依据,拓展了社会认同理论的视角;另一方面,它也需要考虑个体差异的因素,在更加复杂的群体情境和更加广泛的文化背景中进一步验证和完善。     

知识类别和特点对内隐序列学习的影响

用序列学习中的反应时和错误个数间接测量被试的内隐知识,用再认成绩和预测成绩直接测量被试的外显知识,通过倒转不同的规则探讨了知识类别和特点对内隐序列学习的影响。结果表明：(1)内隐学习和外显学习可能分别依赖于两个独立的学习系统,且互不干扰;(2)当内隐序列学习既包含运动知识又包含概念知识时,知识类别和特点影响被试对序列知识的获得,被试较易获得运动知识;(3)在内隐序列学习中练习的数量也影响被试对序列知识的获得,序列学习是一个动态的过程。     

上海市大学生常见一般心理问题量表的编制

本研究阐述了一般心理问题的特征及表现,并确定了心理疲劳、自卑、暴躁、消沉、分神、忧郁、空虚、无端烦恼、怯懦、敌对等10个大学生常见的一般心理问题。采用自陈量表编制原理和问卷调查分析方法,编制了具有较高信度和效度的大学生常见一般心理问题量表。该量表对心理咨询与辅导具有理论及实践上的指导意义。     

自然概念语义特征提取的范畴效应

本研究采用概念特征自由列举实验范式,考察三类范畴(动物、自然食物、人造物)自然概念的语义特征提取反应时间的范畴效应。结果表明,⑴语义特征提取的反应时间存在范畴效应:提取动物特征的时间显著短于提取自然食物特征的时间,提取自然食物特征的时间显著短于提取人造物特征的时间;⑵三类范畴的特征提取时间模式表现出相同的规律:先是显著降低(第1到第2个特征),然后持续升高(第2到第10个特征)。语义特征提取的范畴效应反映了语义记忆组织的范畴特异性,有必要进一步分析特征提取时间与特征类型、关联特征、独有特征之间的关系,以深入揭示语义特征提取范畴效应的产生机制。