人的设定与环境伦理理念

人的设定是指人对人自己的基本认识、定位、定性,及其在此基础上对人自己未来的展望、设计.人的设定与环境伦理理念具有密切的互动关系,这既可从理论上也可从环境伦理理念的变迁史上得以阐述.这样的互动关系研究,特有助于人们展望人的设定方面的新变化,同时期待环境伦理理念的新发展.     

成败操纵对轻度抑郁者自尊影响的实验研究

通过大规模测试筛选出轻度抑郁者和非抑郁者,以自编智力测验为工具操纵不同的反馈情境,采用2（轻度抑郁,非抑郁）×3（无反馈,正反馈,负反馈）的两因素混合实验设计进行实验,对被试的外显自尊及内隐自尊分别进行了测量,结果发现：1）抑郁者的外显自尊显著低于非抑郁者,而内隐自尊不存在显著性差异。2）成败操纵后个体的外显自尊与内隐自尊并无显著变化,即外显自尊和内隐自尊均具有一定的稳定性。3）无反馈、正反馈情况下抑郁者和非抑郁者的内隐自尊和外显自尊的分离状况显著不同,而在负反馈情况下,抑郁者与非抑郁者的自尊分离状况不存在显著性差异。     

日本侵华战争的国民责任探析

日本侵华战争的责任不能仅归咎于少数统治者,普通民众对战争也负有不可推卸的责任.二战时期,日本社会各界都投入拥护支持战争的浪潮之中,掀起了"举国战争狂热".传统国民性是日本掀起全民战争狂热的重要原因.浓重的狭隘民族主义是近代日本民族的基本特征,他们中的多数人曾虔诚地投入了侵略战争,并把自己的命运与之紧密地联系在一起,才使得在整个战争期间乃至战后,没有多少人对自己的错误思想、行为做出反省,这也是日本总不能对这场战争有彻底的正确认识的民众根源.     

Predictive validity of the Chinese version of the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire: psychometric properties and its short version

The success of screening for individuals at suicidal risk among the general population relies heavily on the availability of a reliable and validated instrument. However, there remains a lack of a well-validated screening tool for suicidal risk in Chinese, despite the fact that about a quarter of the world's suicides takes place in China. In view of the severity of the suicide problem among the Chinese population, there is a crucial need to develop robust screening tools locally. This study investigates the psychometric properties related to the Chinese version of the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ) with a 2-wave, population-based panel study in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China. Two-thousand sixteen Chinese people were interviewed for their suicidality, psychological well-being, and ASIQ scores. The Chinese ASIQ was shown to have strong internal reliability, convergent validity, and factorial validity. This study also demonstrated its predictive validity by examining sensitivity and specificity in identifying subsequent suicidality. A 4-item short version of ASIQ was also developed.     

编码时间对序列视觉信息整合的影响

本研究采用空白单元格定位任务,探讨序列刺激整合的时间特性。实验1重复前人的实验,验证了时间间隔对整合绩效的影响;实验2系统操纵了对先前刺激的编码时间与时间间隔,结果发现,编码时间越长,记忆的效果越好,虽然会妨碍对随后刺激的知觉,但整合绩效越高;而随着时间间隔的延长,延长编码时间带来的优势逐渐减弱。结论提示,人们能够整合视觉短时记忆和视知觉的信息,而且这种整合的时间特性不同于知觉整合。     

Cognitive-behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic physical illness in Hong Kong: reflections on a culturally attuned model

This study describes and evaluates a cognitive-behavioral treatment group for people with chronic physical illness in Hong Kong. We developed a group protocol based on the understanding that Chinese people generally prefer a structured group format, expect group leaders to be active and directive, and are not used to expressing opinions and emotions in groups. The experimental and waitlist control groups had 38 and 35 participants, respectively. A standardized questionnaire was administered to all participants before and after the group treatment. Results suggest that members of the experimental group showed improvements in mental health, negative automatic thoughts, and negative emotions when compared to those in the waitlist control groups, and at the end of group treatment. Implications for designing and running a culturally attuned CBT group for Chinese people are discussed.     

Epistemic motives and cultural conformity: need for closure, culture, and context as determinants of conflict judgments

Three studies support the proposal that need for closure (NFC) involves a desire for consensual validation that leads to cultural conformity. Individual differences in NFC interact with cultural group variables to determine East Asian versus Western differences in conflict style and procedural preferences (Study 1), information gathering in disputes (Study 2), and fairness judgment in reward allocations (Study 3). Results from experimental tests indicate that the relevance of NFC to cultural conformity reflects consensus motives rather than effort minimization (Study 2) or political conservatism (Study 3). Implications for research on conflict resolution and motivated cultural cognition are discussed.     

视-听跨通道汉语词汇信息加工中的抑制机制

采用选择性再认的方法考察在汉语词汇加工过程中 ,视 -听跨通道信息与视觉单通道信息加工过程中的抑制机制。结果表明 :对于视觉词汇的总体再认“否”反应 ,单通道干扰条件下的成绩优于跨通道干扰条件下的成绩。在视觉词汇加工过程中 ,对外在干扰材料的抑制效率不受输入干扰刺激的通道的影响。抑制效率受干扰材料语义关系性的影响 ,与目标材料属于同一语义范畴的比异范畴的干扰材料更难以被抑制。     

学习判断及其准确性

学习判断是元认知判断的一种重要形式,是对未来记忆成绩的预测。产生机制及其准确性是学习判断研究的核心问题。研究者从不同的角度提出了多种理论,试图说明学习判断的机制与准确性。Koriat的线索模型总结了以往的研究发现,加深了人们对学习判断的理解,但该模型也面临着新的挑战。文章指出了已有研究中存在的问题及未来研究的方向。     

异同比较中的维度转移效应

以有颜色的实心几何图形为刺激材料进行了4个实验,考察异同比较中异反应之间的序列效应,被试为北京农业工程大学本科生77名。实验1a和1b中前后刺激对完全平衡,而实验2a和2b中前后刺激对随机平衡。实验1a,2a和2b发现了维度转移效应,表现为对于异反应后的异反应,前后2次异反应的差异维度一致时的反应快于不一致时的反应。本文以认知神经科学已有的相关证据解释了该效应产生的原因,并指出该效应反映了选择性注意在异反应判断中起重要作用,而且当任务要求注意在刺激维度上的分配不断变化时,注意按照当前刺激的特点做实时的分配