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41.
Compulsive hoarding is a chronic and debilitating condition that has proven difficult to treat. The cognitive behavioral approaches that have otherwise been successful for people suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder do not work very well for hoarding (Abramowitz, Franklin, Schwartz, & Furr, 2003). Many have suggested that this is due to the ego-syntonic nature of the symptoms and the accompanying lack of insight. This paper describes several challenges related to insight that limit the effectiveness of traditional cognitive behavioral approaches for compulsive hoarding. Problems with anosognosia, overvalued ideation, and defensiveness that characterize hoarding are described and suggestions offered for dealing with them. 相似文献
42.
Spiritual and religious beliefs and practices are commonplace in the general population of North America today. In recognition of this fact, research on the interplay of spirituality, religion, and psychological variables increased substantially over the past 3 decades; a recent PsycInfo search identified over 28,000 scientific contributions to this area. However, the relevance of spirituality and religion to clinical practice remains poorly understood. As a result, many practitioners of empirically supported treatments may be reticent to address spirituality and religion in the course of their work. The intent of this special series is to help demystify this topic with the hope of increasing dissemination of spiritually sensitive, empirically supported treatments. The authors in this series cast some light on this understudied topic by highlighting several salient spiritual and religious issues in behavior change. Moreover, based on case material, the authors illustrate how to assess for and address both adaptive and maladaptive utilizations of spirituality and religion in the practice of cognitive behavior therapy. This introductory paper presents a rationale for why it is important to address this topic, and provides an overview of recent research developments in the creation of spiritually integrated psychosocial treatments. 相似文献
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Compulsive hoarding, the acquisition of and failure to discard large numbers of possessions, is associated with substantial health risk, impairment in functioning, and economic burden. Despite clear indications that hoarding has a detrimental effect on people living with or near someone with a hoarding problem, no empirical research has examined these harmful effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the burden of hoarding on family members. Six hundred sixty-five family informants who reported having a family member or friend with hoarding behaviors completed an internet-based survey. Living with an individual who hoards during childhood was associated with elevated reports of childhood distress and family strain. Family members reported high levels of patient rejection attitudes, suggesting high levels of family frustration and hostility. Rejecting attitudes were predicted by severity of hoarding symptoms, the individual's perceived lack of insight into the behavior, and having lived in a cluttered environment during childhood. These results suggest that compulsive hoarding adversely impacts not only the hoarding individual, but also those living with them. 相似文献
45.
Randy O. Frost Gail Steketee David F. Tolin Stefanie Renaud 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(3):193-203
Few instruments are available to assess compulsive hoarding and severity of clutter. Accuracy of assessment is important to
understanding the clinical significance of the problem. To overcome problems associated with over- and under-reporting of
hoarding symptoms, the clutter image rating (CIR) was developed. This pictorial scale contains nine equidistant photographs
of severity of clutter representing each of three main rooms of most people’s homes: living room, kitchen, and bedroom. The
psychometric properties of this measure were examined in two studies. Internal consistency, test–retest, and interobserver
reliabilities were good and convergent validity with other questionnaire and interview measures was also good. The CIR correlated
more strongly with measures of clutter than with other hoarding and psychopathology scales. The CIR’s very brief pictorial
assessment method makes it useful in clinical and treatment contexts for measuring the clutter dimension of compulsive hoarding.
The Clutter Image Rating (CIR) is available in conjunction with the following publication: Steketee, G., & Frost, R.O. (2007).
Treatment of compulsive hoarding. New York: Oxford University Press at . 相似文献
46.
D. G. Winter, O. P. John, A. J. Stewart, E. C. Klohnen, and L. E. Duncan (1998) proposed that self-beliefs about personality influence the channels through which people express their implicit motives. On the basis of this hypothesis, the authors predicted that self-beliefs about aggressiveness would influence the channel(s) through which people express their aggressive motive and the justification mechanisms they use to defend expression of this motive. For example, the authors predicted that people who were implicitly prepared to rationalize a desire to harm others would engage in (a) overt aggression if they viewed themselves as aggressive or (b) passive aggression if they viewed themselves as nonaggressive. The implicit aspects of aggressiveness were measured via conditional reasoning (L. R. James et al., 2005). Results based on intramural basketball players supported the channeling hypothesis. 相似文献
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48.
Prelexical phonological computation of print was examined in Hebrew orthography using backward masking. Target words were masked by homophonic, phonologically similar, or phonologically dissimilar nonwords. Phonological similarity between masks and targets affected detection in a nonlinear fashion: No differences were found between homophonic and phonologically similar masks, whereas phonologically dissimilar masks hindered identification dramatically. This suggests that representations computed in brief exposures are coarse grained and not detailed enough to capture fine phonetic differences. 相似文献
49.
KATARÍNA JARIABKOVÁ KENNETH HUGDAHL JOZEF GLÓS 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1995,36(4):355-362
Thirty dyslexic and 30 control boys aged 7–11 years were compared for frequency of immune disorders and handedness as well as for family history of immune disorders and learning disabilities (dyslexia and stuttering). They were also compared for neurological status and for history of speech and language difficulties. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the frequency of immune disorders and in handedness. The results showed significantly more dyslexic boys with soft neurological signs and signs of speech and language disorders. The frequency of dyslexia was significantly higher in the relatives of the dyslexic boys. Also significantly more mothers of the dyslexic boys reported difficulties during pregnancy and complications at delivery. The results are discussed in terms of Geschwind's hypothesis and neuromaturational delay as possible determinants of developmental dyslexia. 相似文献
50.
GENDER COMPARISONS OF MATHEMATICS ATTITUDES AND AFFECT 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Janet Shibley Hyde Elizabeth Fennema Marilyn Ryan Laurie A. Frost Carolyn Hopp 《Psychology of women quarterly》1990,14(3):299-324
This article reports the complex results of meta-analyses of gender differences in attitudes and affect specific to mathematics. Overall, effect sizes were small and were similar in size to gender differences in mathematics performance. When differences exist, the pattern is for females to hold more negative attitudes. Gender differences in self-confidence and general mathematics attitudes are larger among high school and college students than among younger students. Effect sizes for mathematics anxiety differ depending upon the sample (highly selected or general). One exception to the general pattern is in stereotyping mathematics as a male domain, where males hold much more stereotyped attitudes ( d = -.90). While affect and attitudes toward mathematics are not the only influences on the development of gender differences in mathematics performance, they are important, and both male and female affect and attitudes should be considered in conjunction with other social and political influences as explanations. 相似文献