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71.
Peter Frost Gregory Nussbaum Taylor Loconto Richard Syke Casey Warren Christina Muise 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(3):408-416
We examined how certain personality traits might relate to the formation of suggestive memory over time. We hypothesised that compliance and trust relate to initial acceptance of misinformation as memory, whereas fantasy proneness might relate to integration of misinformation into memory after later intervals (relative to the time of exposure to misinformation). Participants watched an excerpt from a movie—the simulated eyewitness event. They next answered a recall test that included embedded misinformation about the movie. Participants then answered a yes/no recognition test. A week later, participants answered a second yes/no recognition test about the movie (each yes/no recognition test included different questions). Before both recognition tests, participants were warned about the misinformation shown during recall and were asked to base their answer on the movie excerpt only. After completing the second recognition test, participants answered questions from the Neuroticism Extroversion Openness Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) and Creative Experiences Questionnaire (Merckelbach, Horselenberg, & Muris, 2001). While compliance correlated with misinformation effects immediately after exposure to misinformation, fantasy-prone personality accounted for more of the variability in false recognition rates than compliance after a 1-week interval. 相似文献
72.
Nicole Landi Stephen J. Frost W. Einar Mencl Jonathan L. Preston Leslie K. Jacobsen Maria Lee Carolyn Yrigollen Kenneth R. Pugh Elena L. Grigorenko 《Developmental science》2013,16(1):13-23
In both children and adults there is large variability in reading skill, with approximately 5–10% of individuals characterized as having reading disability; these individuals struggle to learn to read despite adequate intelligence and opportunity. Although it is well established that a substantial portion of this variability is attributed to the genetic differences between individuals, specifics of the connections between reading and the genome are not understood. This article presents data that suggest that variation in the COMT gene, which has previously been associated with variation in higher‐order cognition, is associated with reading and reading‐related skills, at the level of both brain and behavior. In particular, we found that the COMT Val/Met polymorphism at rs4680, which results in the substitution of the ancestral Valine (Val) by Methionine (Met), was associated with better performance on a number of critical reading measures and with patterns of functional neural activation that have been linked to better readers. We argue that this polymorphism, known for its broad effects on cognition, may modulate (likely through frontal lobe function) reading skill. 相似文献
73.
Cristiano Scandurra Anna Lisa Amodeo Vincenzo Bochicchio Paolo Valerio David M. Frost 《International Journal of Transgenderism》2017,18(1):53-65
Transgender people experience systematic oppression due to societal endorsement of binary notions of gender. As a result, they are at risk for self-stigmatization via the internalization of negative attitudes about being transgender. Thus, researchers need instruments to assess the multilayered nature of transgender identity and its role in the experience of mental health and well-being. This study evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the Transgender Identity Survey (TIS) in an Italian sample of 149 transgender people. The TIS assesses levels of pride, shame, alienation, and passing in transgender populations, providing researchers and clinicians with an instrument that can evaluate both positive aspects of transgender identity and internalized transphobia. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the original four-factor model had adequate fit to the data obtained from the Italian sample, with the exception of one item. Both convergent and predictive validity were assessed and partially confirmed, indicating that the TIS is significantly correlated with some of the enacted stigma and mental health outcome measures (perceived stress, depression, and anxiety). This study provides both clinicians and researchers with a tool to assess positive and negative aspects of identity in transgender populations. 相似文献
74.
Reis, Maniaci, Caprariello, Eastwick, and Finkel (see record 2011-04644-001) conducted 2 studies that demonstrate that in certain cases, familiarity can lead to liking--in seeming contrast to the results of our earlier article (see record 2006-23056-008). We believe that Reis et al. (a) utilized paradigms far removed from spontaneous, everyday social interactions that were particularly likely to demonstrate a positive link between familiarity and liking and (b) failed to include and incorporate other sources of data-both academic and real-world-showing that familiarity breeds contempt. We call for further research exploring when and why familiarity is likely to lead to contempt or liking, and we suggest several factors that are likely to inform this debate. 相似文献
75.
Distinctiveness Reconsidered: Religiosity,Structural Location,and Understandings of Racial Inequality 下载免费PDF全文
Are conservative Protestants distinct in their support for individualistic explanations of racial inequality in America? Past research has generated contradictory findings on this question, along with debates about the best measure of evangelicalism and the factors that moderate religious influences on racial attitudes. Using data from the nationally representative Boundaries in the American Mosaic Project (2014), we examine how structural location interacts with religious commitment to influence understandings of and preferred solutions to African‐American disadvantage. We show that religious beliefs, involvement, and centrality influence adherents differently, depending on their age, gender, education, income, and race. We find that measures do matter, and that denominational affiliation is less predictive than the orthodoxy and centrality of religious belief. We also find that straightforward talk about distinctiveness can mask the strong and pervasive effects of structural location on racial attitudes. We call for more research that makes the interaction between religiosity and structural location a central focus of analysis. 相似文献
76.
This study tested the effectiveness of an existing private online CBT-based group intervention designed to help people with hoarding. Web-group participants were hypothesized to show more improvement in hoarding symptoms over time compared to those placed on a naturalistic waitlist. This web-based self-help group (N = 106 members, N = 155 waitlisted) includes a formal application process and requires that participants post action steps and progress at least once monthly. Members have access to educational resources on hoarding, cognitive strategies, and a chat-group. Potential research participants were invited to complete an anonymous web-based survey about their hoarding behaviors and clinical improvement on five occasions (3 months apart). The sample was mainly middle-aged, female and White. Regression analyses show that Recent members reported greater improvement and less clutter at 6 months (than Waitlist). Long-term members reported milder hoarding symptoms than Recent ones, suggesting benefits from group participation over time. All members showed reductions in clutter and hoarding symptoms over 15 months. Less posting activity was associated with greater hoarding severity. Online CBT-based self-help for hoarding appears to be a promising intervention strategy that may extend access to treatment. Evaluating the benefits of internet self-help groups is critical given growing popularity of and demand for web-based interventions. 相似文献
77.
Stephane Valerio Benjamin J. Clark Jeremy H.M. Chan Carlton P. Frost Mark J. Harris Jeffrey S. Taube 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2010,93(4):495-505
Previous studies have identified neurons throughout the rat limbic system that fire as a function of the animal’s head direction (HD). This HD signal is particularly robust when rats locomote in the horizontal and vertical planes, but is severely attenuated when locomoting upside-down (Calton & Taube, 2005). Given the hypothesis that the HD signal represents an animal’s sense of directional heading, we evaluated whether rats could accurately navigate in an inverted (upside-down) orientation. The task required the animals to find an escape hole while locomoting inverted on a circular platform suspended from the ceiling. In Experiment 1, Long-Evans rats were trained to navigate to the escape hole by locomoting from either one or four start points. Interestingly, no animals from the 4-start point group reached criterion, even after 29 days of training. Animals in the 1-start point group reached criterion after about six training sessions. In Experiment 2, probe tests revealed that animals navigating from either 1- or 2-start points utilized distal visual landmarks for accurate orientation. However, subsequent probe tests revealed that their performance was markedly attenuated when navigating to the escape hole from a novel start point. This absence of flexibility while navigating upside-down was confirmed in Experiment 3 where we show that the rats do not learn to reach a place, but instead learn separate trajectories to the target hole(s). Based on these results we argue that inverted navigation primarily involves a simple directional strategy based on visual landmarks. 相似文献
78.
Susan A. Stone Lynda E. Frost James R. Van Norman Kathleen A. Casey 《Applied research in quality of life》2010,5(4):273-285
Recent decades have seen the development of robust systems of community health indicators, but those indicator sets tend to
have few indicators related to behavioral health. Gauging community behavioral health can be complex, but given the interconnectedness
of health and behavioral health and the high social and financial cost of unaddressed behavioral health needs, it is essential
to develop meaningful indicators. A community-based participatory research project in Austin, Texas developed behavioral health
indicators based on a review of social indicators movements across the globe, existing sets of proposed key indicators of
mental health and mental illness, and ongoing community initiatives in Austin relevant to behavioral health. The community
behavioral health indicators have been refined through the challenging process of implementing them in the face of competing
efforts and imprecise communication about their use. While indicators should always be adapted to suit local conditions, this
indicator set should provide a good starting point for researchers and communities to assess and improve the behavioral health
of their community. 相似文献
79.
David M. Frost Michelle Fine María Elena Torre Allison Cabana 《American journal of community psychology》2019,63(3-4):511-526
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and gender non‐conforming (LGBTQ & GNC) youth experience more economic hardship and social stress than their heterosexual and cisgender peers. However, the ways that LGBTQ & GNC youth resist these damaging social factors and the corresponding implications for their health have not been addressed. Data were analyzed from a national participatory survey of LGBTQ & GNC youth ages 14–24 (N = 5,860) living in the United States. Structural equation models indicated that economic precarity was associated with experiences of health problems. This association was mediated by the negative influence of minority stress on health as well as by activism, which had a positive association with health. Findings suggest that minority stress explanations of health inequalities among LGBTQ & GNC youth can benefit from including a focus on economic precarity; both in terms of its deleterious impact on health and its potential to provoke resistance to structural oppression in the form of activism. 相似文献
80.
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cancer in both men and women in the United States. It has the lowest survival
rate of all cancers, largely due to the presence of non-specific symptoms, leading to diagnosis at advanced stages. While
the majority of cases of pancreatic cancer are sporadic, up to 10% may be associated with an inherited predisposition. Currently,
there is no standard screening protocol for pancreatic cancer, although this will change in the future as technology improves.
Additionally, there is little information regarding the perceptions and intent to screen for pancreatic cancer among those
with an increased risk due to a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome, which was the objective of this study. Focus groups
and individual telephone interviews were conducted, with questions focused on knowledge about pancreatic cancer and screening,
perceived motivators, and perceived barriers related to each of the screening techniques currently available. Participants
were recruited from the High Risk Breast Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer Registries at Huntsman Cancer Institute. The findings
of this study indicated that individuals from these high-risk groups have low knowledge levels of pancreatic cancer screening,
despite their desire for this information. Motivation to undergo a particular screening technique is related to whether the
test is recommended by a physician, cost, degree of invasiveness, and comfort level. This information is useful to genetics
professionals who counsel at-risk individuals, physicians who formulate patient care plans, and translational researchers
who are developing pancreatic screening methods. 相似文献